In the era of universal mobility, people’s lifestyles have deeply and dynamically changed. Modern people are hyperactive; they are in constant motion and seek to gain new experience. Therefore, the demand for tourist trips is growing. There are new types of tourism that allow experiencing a whole range of emotions and getting an unforgettable tourist experiences. New «spaces of tourism penetration» are emerging. The article aims to reveal how the tourism geographical space is changing with the advent of new tourism types in the modern society of experience. The article provides a broad analysis of scientific approaches of Russian and foreign researchers to the definition and classification of tourism space, and determination of its boundaries and structure. The author notes the growing interest in the problem in recent years, as well as the development of methodology and practical tools for discourse analysis. Developing and declining types of tourism have been identified. The article focuses on the geography of dark and paranormal tourism as a symbol of modern experience economy. The structure transformation of old tourism spaces and the emergence of new tourism spaces are shown. The author concludes that the tourism space development is non-linear.

Investigation of «relief» of the underground cavities doesn‘t actually match in modern geographic science with a paradigm of studying relief as an object of geomorphology. The article suggests a scientific conception of studying underground cavities in geomorphology (and geography). The term of «subrelief» (literally «under the relief» and «almost relief») is introduced to define solid surfaces of underground cavities proceeding from the meaning of «relief» as a complex of irregularities on the solid Earth‘s surface which is accepted in the Russian geomorphologic science. The article also introduces specific terms, genetic classification of subrelief form and zoning of underground cavities by depth, and defines the limits of subrelief concept application. Some specific features of subrelief, such as closed volume, isolation from the Earth‘s surface processes, deep zonation etc., are also reviewed in the article. Underground cavities are the habitat of relict and unique plants and animals. Many hazardous and dangerous processes in urban areas are closely related to the subrelief.

The Meteorological Observatory of the Moscow State University has accumulated unique material of actinometrical and meteorological observations, which has no analogues in the global science. An assessment of the main components of radiation balance was carried out on its basis to find their relation to factors determining their variability in the real atmosphere. An applied empirical model of the variability of radiation balance components of the Earth’s surface has been elaborated. The verification of the model was carried out by direct comparison of its results with the data of independent measurements. The proposed empirical equations allow calculating the atmospheric radiation characteristics by using network meteorological and actinometrical data.

The paper presents the results of statistical analysis of the data received by automatic registration of intraday fluctuations in the PPFD intensity, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, intensity of production and destruction processes in the surface layer of the central part of the Mozhaisk reservoir during 70-day summer periods of 2016 and 2017. The oxygen content in transparent and blackened vessels was recorded by original automatic unit designed for injection of water at the depth of 0,5 m. Subsequently the primary production and destruction of organic matter were calculated by the classical oxygen method. The weather cycles were revealed which incorporate water heating and cooling phases related to weather changes. Observations were supplemented by the automatic registration of temperature fluctuations at seven levels of the 14-meter water column. Weather variability is estimated by the weather contrast index (IPC). It is shown that the higher it is the more intensive are the production and destruction processes in the surface layer of the reservoir.

The article considers the possibility of peat field fire prediction using the open sources of remote sensing data. Spatial and temporal distribution of peat field fires was analyzed for the European part of Russia which is the most vulnerable area of the country in terms of peat-fire risks. The brightness temperature and the NDWI moisture index were identified as the most characteristic parameters. They are sensitive to changing flammability of peateries and could be calculated using Aqua/Terra, Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 data. The threshold values of these parameters were determined by surveying the fields burned during 2013- 2017, thus providing for the interpretation of potential peat field fires. Correlation analysis of threshold values with the surface temperature made it possible to extend the established values to other unsearched peateries of the European Russia. Following the results of the study, recommendations to forecast peat field fires by remote sensing data were given.

The village disappeared, only the track remained. But at least you can get to the apiary Beekeeper from the Paranginsky district of Mari El, 2019 Patterns of the evolution of settlements network and changes of their functions were revealed through the analysis of peripheral territories of the Mari El Republic, for which unique data for each rural settlement were available since 1890. Until the middle of the 20th century the number of settlements was continuously increasing, and the maximum density was reached in the 1950s. Further the consolidation of collective farms and the policy of «elimination of unpromising settlements» led to almost half reduction of the network. The most stable were the former volost centers, and the central estates of the collective farms of the late Soviet period – they all survived. But the settlements with 1979 population less than 100 inhabitants mostly disappeared. Settlements that were incomplete or complete service centers (in which there were both incomplete and complete schools and health care institutions) generally kept the class of service centers unchanged, because the reduction of the network of budgetary institutions affected them less significantly.

Basing on five case studies, the article describes possible contribution of urban dwellers, owners of rural guesthouses or hotels, to the development of non-agricultural functions of the countryside in olddeveloped regions characterized by less favorable natural conditions in European Russia and the long-term depopulation of rural areas. In-depth interviews and field observations allow identifying several strategies for the participation of guesthouse‘s owners in the development of territories. The strategies could either fit into the institutional framework (the TOS mechanism in the Arkhangelsk oblast or the «Public budget» in the Vologda oblast, grant programs of non-governmental funds etc.), or remain independent basing solely on the social capital of urbanites living in rural areas. Pilot rural development projects implemented by the urbanites are far from supporting the restoration of the rural economic basis, but they contribute to the diversification of rural economy and rural functions in general.

The progress of urbanization originates specific settlement patterns, such as urban agglomerations and similar formations with a wider range of functions and more complex structure. An example would be urban employment areas (UEA) proposed by Japanese scholars. Investigation of UEA in Japan, belonging to the most urbanized countries, allowed the elaboration of research methodology based on the cluster analysis and delineation of their types. It was found that the majority of Japanese UEA are developed urban zones with extensive suburbs. The population growth rates stem from the general demographic situation in a particular prefecture as well as from their location with regard to larger economic centers. A hypothesis of correlation between particular quantitative indicators and certain qualitative features of UEA was confirmed. The typological analysis of UEA in Japan made it possible to identify the emerging new extensive urban formations, which could change the territorial structure of regional economies, as well as to evaluate their spatial configuration and potential population.

According to the analysis and interpretation of high-resolution acoustic data collected during 2011 marine expedition of the 28th cruise of the R/V «Akademik Nikolai Strakhov» in the southern part of the Russian sector of the Barents Sea shelf, the main genetic relief types were identified, and the thickness of the Quaternary sedimentary cover within the study area was determined. It has been established that the bottom area of the region under consideration is largely occupied by relic forms of aerial and subaerial origin, such as iceberg ploughmarks and pockmarks. Buried channel forms identified on acoustic sections in the Central Basin of the Barents Sea presumably belong to the Paleo-Pechora River drainage basin. Major patterns of the spatial distribution of various mezo- and microrelief types are considered, as well as their geomorphologic association to pre-Quaternary planation surfaces.

 A number of quantitative characteristics of water erosion and deflation processes has been obtained as a result of 2015–2018 field experimental studies within the Priol’khonie steppe landscapes. The amount of transferred particles and their characteristics were determined. Necessary data for statistical analysis of factors influencing the erosion processes were collected.

The long-term mean intra-annual variability of the surface temperature field in the Arctic basin is considered on both seasonal and synoptic time-scales basing on the NOAA OI SST reanalysis data. The association of extreme temperature variability areas with the zones of higher horizontal temperature gradients is analyzed. It was found that the seasonal temperature variability is 4–6 times the synoptic one on the Arctic shelf areas, 2,5–3 times that in the basin open areas, and 1,5–2 times in the frontal zones. The highest seasonal and synoptic variability were observed in shallow shelf areas of the basin. The intense synoptic variability of temperature is typical of the open ocean areas with maximum horizontal temperature gradients. The highest values were observed in the West-Spitsbergen and the East-Greenland frontal zones, as well as in the Polar frontal zone near the Medvezhij Island. High level of seasonal variability in the open deep-sea areas was recorded in the inter-frontal zones.

Studying the image of large cities on the basis of social media analysis is a new direction in domestic geourban science. It is of the growing interest due to unique information which is difficult to obtain by applying classical methods of research and broad options of its use in scientific-cognitive process and applied aspects. The article describes methodology, basic principles of database creation and specific results of the study of the modern image of Paris in the Russian-speaking segment of Internet. The analysis shows that the capital of France is well-known and particularly attractive to Russians. It is perceived through a stable and limited set of individual images exclusively related to the historical core of the city. The composition and expression of the images vary in the regions of Russia from north to south depending on the quality of the audience and the distance factor.

Educational practices are an integral part of training, which get the students directly acquainted with various regions of the country, different forms of economic activities and life of the population. Basing on the publications of the mid 20th century and the interviews with spectators of the time, the study shows that traditional forms of practical training at the Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia, which celebrated its 90th anniversary in 2019, appeared later than the department itself, and even after the faculty was established. In the pre-war period there was a student on-the-job training, usually in various expeditions, as well as a technological practical training. Educational practice (initially academic practical training) started up only in the post-war period; during its formative years it was organized as a stationkeeping one. Since the mid-1950s the practical training became a route one and two decades later transientfree field training was added to it.