INFLUENCE OF LANDSCAPE PATTERN ON PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAIN CROPS IN THE STEPPE ZONE OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

The research provides rationales for relevance of the concept of emergent effects that arise as a result of interaction between landscape units under agricultural planning. We test the hypothesis that proportion of dominant and subdominant landscape units within a model area controls the productivity of grain crops and its interannual dynamics. For two areas in the moderately dry steppes of Northern Kazakhstan we studied effects of synergetic interactions between units of flat surfaces, depressions and narrow gullies which result in a groundwater level ensuring abundant, optimum or insufficient humidity on fields. Correlation coefficients between productivity and share of each subdominant unit type were calculated. Dependence of productivity and its temporal variability on the classes of landscape pattern was revealed. Occurrence of depressions on flat surfaces ensures water accumulation and its expansion to adjacent units. This favors productivity increase in dry years but can result in its decrease in wet years. High occurrence of narrow gullies on gentle slopes causes water and nutrients output in spring resulting in the productivity decrease in dry years. Mosaic landscape pattern at fields with a higher share of depressions or low gullies favors the increasing variability of productivity.

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