TEMPORAL TRANSFORMATION OF MORPHODYNAMIC TYPES OF CHANNELS OF THE LARGE LOWLAND RIVERS
Abstract
Retrospective analysis of channels development of Russian large lowland rivers was a basis for discussing the principal lines of their morphodynamic types transformation through the historical time (i.e. during the period of observations on hydrological stations and channel mapping which recorded their configuration at different times). The transformations are related to natural changes of river flow (its increase), sediment flow increase, interchanges of high-water and low-water periods, overgrowth of vegetation on channel bars since the last quarter of the 20th century and human impact both on the causes of channel processes (water reservoirs construction) and on channels themselves (in-channel dredging on the navigable rivers) becoming more intensive and increasing since 1960s. It is demonstrated that the larger is a river (its water flow, width and the width-depth ratio), the lower is the response of channel processes to these changes and impacts: they are absent in the lower reaches of Lena, Enisej and Ob’rivers. The principal schemes of meandering, braided and relatively straight channels development are revealed on the basis of voluminous factual data.
Keywords
channel processes,
morphological types of channels,
meanders,
meander bars,
water content of rivers,
sediment flow
Supporting agencies: The study was performed in line with research plans of the Department of Land Hydrology and the Makkaveev Research Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Fluvial Processes and partly financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project № 14-17-00155) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project № 15-05-03752, 18-95-00487).
About the Author
R. S. Chalov
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Land Hydrology, Professor; Makkaveev Research Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Fluvial Processes, Chief Scientific Researcher, D.Sc. in Geography, Professor
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Land Hydrology, Professor; Makkaveev Research Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Fluvial Processes, Chief Scientific Researcher, D.Sc. in Geography, Professor
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Review
For citations:
Chalov R.S. TEMPORAL TRANSFORMATION OF MORPHODYNAMIC TYPES OF CHANNELS OF THE LARGE LOWLAND RIVERS. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2018;(3):3-13. (In Russ.)
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