SIMULATIONS OF MOSCOW AGGLOMERATION HEAT ISLAND WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL COSMO-CLM

The paper discusses the first application of the mesoscale regional climate model COSMO-CLM coupled with two spatialized urban canopy parameterizations, single-layer urban canopy model TEB (Town Energy Balance) and bulk parameterization TERRA-URB for the modeling of summer microclimatic conditions in Moscow agglomeration. The model was used for dynamic downscaling of reanalysis data with due regard to specific physical features of urban surface, which are responsible for the formation of urban heat island (UHI). Urban morphology parameters, needed for the parameterizations, were calculated from the OpenStreetMap database using the original GIS-based technology. Verification of the model was based on the comparison of modeling results and temperature observations of weather stations and airquality monitoring stations, including new stations which were installed during recent years. Comparison of modeling results, obtained with two urban canopy parameterizations, has shown that both of them are able to simulate UHI within the near-surface air temperature field and temporal variations of its intensity. However, more detailed analysis shows a significant difference between two schemes. Warming influence of urbanized surface simulated with TERRA-URB affects both model cells with buildings, and adjacent «green» cells (first of all urban parks) and higher model levels, resulting in a temperature anomaly of few hundred meters high, which is in good agreement with observation data. In the TEB scheme the influence of urbanized surface on adjacent model cells and the boundary layer above the city was less pronounced. Therefore, we can conclude that the COSMO-CLM model with TERRA-URB parameterization reproduces the UHI phenomenon in more realistic way. The importance of correct definition of model parameters of turbulent diffusion for adequate simulations of UHI behavior was also shown.

urban heat island, urban climate, microclimate, Moscow agglomeration, COSMO, regional climate modeling, global warming, downscaling, atmospheric boundary layer

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