MIGRATION OF RURAL POPULATION AND DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE REGIONS OF RUSSIA
Abstract
The main trends of rural migration, the spatial distribution of labor resources in rural areas and the change in agricultural employment associated with its post-Soviet transformation are analyzed. Five types of regions and their subtypes are identified which have different prospects for agriculture development and its labor resources. The relationship between rural labor resources and informal («shadow») employment, including seasonal and other temporal work in cities, is discussed. Despite the fact that spatial variations of agriculture stem from both natural, institutional and economic conditions and the accumulated consequences of rural depopulation, the actual population drain has no direct linkage with the agriculture wellbeing. Key factors are described due to which even positive trends and sustained growth of agricultural production do not in fact reduce human incentives to move from the countryside to cities, both for permanent residence and in search of temporary work.
About the Authors
T. G. Nefedova
Institute of Geography of RAS.
Russian Federation
Department of Social and Economical Geography, Leading Scientific researcher, D.Sc. in Geography.
Russian Federation
Department of Social and Economical Geography, Leading Scientific researcher, D.Sc. in Geography.
N. V. Mkrtchan
Institute of Demography of the National Research University – Higher School of Economics; Institute of Geography of RAS.
Russian Federation
Leading Scientific Researcher, PhD. in Geography.
Russian Federation
Leading Scientific Researcher, PhD. in Geography.
References
1. Alekseev A.I,. Simagin Yu.А. Agrarnyj kharakter rossijskogo mentaliteta i khod reform v selskoj mestnosti Rossii [The agrarian character of Russian mentality and reforms in rural Russia] // Russian regions under new economic conditions / Ed. Yu.G. Lipets. M.: IG RAN, 1996 (in Russian).
2. All-Russian census of 2010. Micro database. URL: http:// www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm Date of access 10.09.2016.
3. Averkieva K.V. Rynki truda i rol’ otkhodnichestva v zanyatosti selskih zhitelej Rossijskogo Nechernozemiya [Labor markets and the role of seasonal work in the employment of rural population in Russian Non-Chernozem region] // Izv. RAN, ser. Geogr. 2016. № 1. P. 25–37 (in Russian).
4. Borodina T.L. Tipologiya regionalnoj dinamiki naseleniya Rossii v postsovetskij period [The typology of regional population dynamics of Russia in the Post-Soviet period] // Questions of Geography. № 141. Problems of regional development of Russia. M.: Kodeks, 2016. P. 191–209 (in Russian).
5. Ekonomicheskaya aktivnost’ naseleniya [Economic activity of the population]. M.: Rosstat, 2002, 2009, 2011, 2014 (in Russian).
6. Fadeeva O.P. Sel’skie soobshhestva i khozyajstvennye uklady: ot vyzhivaniya k razvitiyu [Rural communities and economic structures: from survival to development]. Novosibirsk: Institute of Economics and organiz. prom. production of the SO RAS. 2015 (in Russian).
7. Fielding A.J. Migration and urbanization in Western Europe since 1950 // The Geographical J. 1989. V. 155. P. 60–69.
8. Fomkina A.A. Transformatsiya mestnykh system rasseleniya slabourbanizirovannykh territorij Tsentral’noj Rossii (na primere Tverskoj oblasti) [The transformation of local settlement systems in the less urbanized areas of Central Russia (case study of Tver region). The autoreferat Diss. M., 2016 (in Russian).
9. Geyer H.S., Kontuly Т. A theoretical foundation of the concept of differential urbanization // International Regional Science Review. 1993. V. 15. P. 157–177.
10. Gibbs J. The evolution of population concentration // Economic Geography. 1963. V. 39. P. 119–129.
11. Ioffe G.V., Nefedova T.G. Tsentr i peripheriya v selskom khozyajstve rossijskikh regionov [Center and periphery in agriculture of the Russian regions] // Problems of forecasting. 2001. № 6. P. 100–110 (in Russian).
12. Itogi Vserossijskoj selskokhozyajstvennoj perepisi 2006 goda (v 9 t.) [The results of the 2006 All-Russian agricultural census. (9 volumes)]. T. 1. Osnovnye itogi Vserossijskoj sel’skohozyajstvennoj perepisi 2006 goda. Kn. 1. Osnovnye itogi Vserossijskoj sel’skohozyajstvennoj perepisi 2006 goda po Rossijskoj Federacii, Moscow: Statistika Rossii, 2008 (in Russian).
13. Karachurina L.B., Mkrtchan N.V. Rol’ migratsii v usilenii kontrastov rasseleniya na munitsipal’nom urovne v Rossii [The role of migration in enhancing contrasts of settlement at the municipal level in Russia] // Izv. RAN, ser. Geogr. 2016. № 5. P. 46–59 (in Russian).
14. Mezhdu domom i … domom. Vozvratnaya prostranstvennaya mobil’nost’ naseleniya Rossii [Between home and … home. The return spatial mobility of population in Russia] / Ed. Т.G. Nefedova, К.V. Averkieva, А.G. Makhrova. M.: Novyi Khronograf, 2016 (in Russian).
15. Mironov B.N. Rossijskaya imperiya: ot traditsii k modernu. [The Russian Empire: from tradition to modernity]. V. 1. S.-Petersburg State University, S.-Petersburg institute of History RAN. S.-Petersburg. 2014 (in Russian).
16. Mkrtchan N.V. Migratsii molodezhi v regional’nye tsentry Rossii v kontse XX – nachale XXI veka [Migration of young people to regional centers of Russia at the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI century] // Izv. RAN, ser. Geogr. 2013. №6. P. 19–32 (in Russian).
17. Natsional’nyj atlas Rossii [The national Atlas of Russia]. Vol. 3. Population. Economy. M.:Ministry of transport of the Russian Federation, The Fed. Agency of geodesy and cartography. 2008. P. 136–137 (in Russian).
18. Nefedova T.G. Osnovnye tendentsii izmeneniya sel’skogo prostranstva Rossii [The main trends of the transformation of rural space in Russia] // Izv. RAN, ser. Geogr. 2012. № 3. P. 7–23 (in Russian).
19. Nefedova T.G. Otkhodniki i sel’sko-gorodskie migratsii v Rossii [Labor migrants and rural-urban migration in Russia] // Izv. RAN, ser. Geogr. 2015. № 3. P. 41–56 (in Russian).
20. Nefedova T.G., Mkrtchan N.V. Regional’nye razlichiya razmeshheniya i prognoza trudovykh resursov sel’skogo khozyajstva Rossii [Regional differences in the distribution and forecast of labor resources of agriculture in Russia // Problems of forecasting. 2018. № 1 (in Russian).
21. Plyusnin Yu.M., Zausaeva J.D., Zhidkevich N.N., Pozanenko A.A. Otkhodniki [Labor migrants]. Moscow: Novyi Chronograph. 2013 (in Russian). Regions of Russia. Moscow: FSGS. 2016.
22. Richardson H.W. Polarization reversal in developing countries // Papers of the Regional Science Association. 1980. V. 45. P. 67–85.
23. Trud i zaniatost’ [Labor and employment]. Statistical Handbook. M.: Rosstat, 2015 (in Russian).
24. Ustojchivoe razvitie sel’skikh territorij: regionalnyj aspect [Sustainable development of rural areas: regional aspect]. Scientific papers VIAPI name after A.A. Nikonov. 2009. V. 25. P. 168–202 (in Russian).
25. Velikij P.P. Neootkhodnichestvo, ili lishnie lyudi sovremennoj derevni [New labor migration or extra people in modern village] // Sociological researches. 2010. № 9. P. 44–49 (in Russian).
26. Zaionchkovskaya Zh.A. Demographicheskaya situatsiya i rasselenie [The demographic situation and settlement]. M.: Nauka, 1991 (in Russian).
27. Zaionchkovskaya Zh.A. Federal’nye okruga na migratsionnoj karte Rossii [Federal okrugs on the Russian migration map] // Region: Economics and sociology. 2012. № 3. P. 3–18 (in Russian).
Review
For citations:
Nefedova T.G., Mkrtchan N.V. MIGRATION OF RURAL POPULATION AND DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE REGIONS OF RUSSIA. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2017;(5):58-67. (In Russ.)
Views:
3834
Email this article 
