SVERDRUP TRANSPORT IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC
Abstract
Monthly values of the latitudinal mass transport in the North Atlanticbased on the Sverdrup relation are analyzed. A continuous wind stress dataset NOC v 1.1 with a spatial resolution of 1×1° for the period of 1980—2005 is used as a basic data. Estimates of the Sverdrup transport values in the area of subtropical gyre showed the maximum of mean annual Sverdrup transport values (−29,8×106 m3/s) on 33 °N. The quasi-latitudinal (zonal) barotropic wind transport values were calculated as a summation of maximum Sverdrup transport values in subtropical and subpolar gyres, and their seasonal and interannual variability was examined. The correlation analysis of the annual values of zonal transport and NAO index indicates a significant inverse correlation (r = −0,6), which confirms the Bjerknes’ compensation theory suggesting that transports in the ocean and the atmosphere covariate in an out-ofphase manner in theNorth Atlantic region.
About the Authors
S. A. Dobrolyubov
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
E. I. Klimchuk
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Бурков В.А. Общая циркуляция Мирового океана. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1980. 253 с.
2. Дианский Н.А. Моделирование циркуляции океана и исследование его реакции на короткопериодные и долгопериодные атмосферные воздействия. М.: Физматлит, 2012. 297 с.
3. Добролюбов С.А., Соков А.В. Роль глубинных вод Северной Атлантики в изменчивости теплообмена океана и атмосферы // Вестн. Моск. ун-та. Сер. 5. География. 2002. № 6. С. 42—48.
4. Климчук Е.И. Пространственно-временная изменчивость меридионального переноса массы в Северной Атлантике // Метеорология и гидрология. 2013. № 2. С. 65—74.
5. Педлоски Дж. Геофизическая гидродинамика: В 2 т. Т. 1. М.: Мир, 1984. 398 с.
6. Atkinson C.P., Bryden H.L., Hirschi J.J.-M., Kanzow T. On the variability of Florida Straits and wind driven transports at 26 °N in the Atlantic Ocean // Ocean Sci. Discuss. 2010. Vol. 7 (2). P. 919—971.
7. Bjerknes J. Atlantic air-sea interaction. Advances in Geophysics. Vol. 10. N.Y.: Academic Press, 1964. P. 1—82.
8. Bцning C.W., Isemer H.J. Monthly mean wind stress and Sverdrup transports in the North Atlantic: A comparison of the Hellerman-Rosenstein and Isemer-Hasse climatologies // J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1991. Vol. 21. P. 221—235.
9. Сurry R.G., McCartney M. Ocean gyre сirculation changes associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation // J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2001. Vol. 31. P. 3374—3400.
10. DiNezio P.N., Gramer L.J. Observed interannual variability of the Florida Current: wind forcing and the North Atlantic Oscillation // J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2009. Vol. 39, N 3. P. 721—736.
11. Godfrey S.J. A Sverdrup model of the depth-integrated flow for the world ocean allowing for island circulations // Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 1989. Vol. 45. P. 89—112.
12. Griffies S.M., Bцning C., Bryan F.O. et al. Developments in ocean climate modeling // Ocean Modeling. 2000. Vol. 2. P. 123—192.
13. Hellermann S., Rosenstein M. Normal monthly wind stress over the World Ocean with error estimates // J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1983. Vol. 13. P. 1093—1107.
14. Josey S.A., Kent E.A., Taylor P.K. Wind Stress forcing of the Ocean in the SOC Climatology: comparisons with the NCEP-NCAR, ECMWF, UWM/COADS, and HellermannRosenstain Datasets // J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2002. Vol. 32. P. 1993—2019.
15. Kelly K.A. Heat and mass transport anomalies in the Gulf Stream region. URL: http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/fileadmin/documents/OSTST/2007/kelly.pdf (дата обращения: 16.02.2013).
16. Leetmaa A., Niiler P., Stommel H. Does the Sverdrup relation account for the mid-Atlantic circulation? // J. Mar. Res. 1977. Vol. 35. P. 1—10.
17. Mayer D.A., Weisberg R.H. A description of COADS surface meteorological fields and the implied Sverdrup transports for the Atlantic Ocean from 30 °S to 60 °N // J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1993. Vol. 23. P. 2201—2221.
18. Schmitz W.J., Richardson P.L. On the sources of the Florida Current // Deep Sea Res. 1991. Vol. 38. P. 379—409.
19. Shaffrey L., Sutton R. Bjerknes compensation and the decadal variability of the energy transports in a coupled climate model // J. of Climate. 2006. Vol. 19. P. 1167—1181.
20. Smith S.D. Wind stress and heat flux over the ocean in gale force winds // J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1980. Vol. 10. P. 709—726.
21. Sverdrup H.U. Wind-driven currents in the barotropic ocean with application to the equatorial currents of the Eastern Pacific // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci, USA. 1947. Vol. 11. P. 318—326.
22. Townsend T.L., Hurlburt H.E., Hogan P.J. Modeled Sverdrup flow in the North Atlantic from 11 different wind stress climatologies // Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans. 2000. Vol. 32. P. 373—417.
23. National Oceanographic Center, UK. URL: http://www.noc.soton.ak.uk (дата обращения: 11.10.2008).
24. Climate Prediction Center, NOAA, USA. URL: http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov (дата обращения: 15.03.2011).
25. AOML Physical Oceanography Division, NOAA, USA. URL: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/floridacurrent/index.php (дата обращения: 21.04.2012
Review
For citations:
Dobrolyubov S.A., Klimchuk E.I. SVERDRUP TRANSPORT IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2014;(2):25-31. (In Russ.)
Views:
701
Email this article 
