«HEAT ISLAND» OF THE MOSCOW AGGLOMERATION AND THE URBAN-INDUCED AMPLIFICATION OF GLOBAL WARMING
Abstract
Climate changes are governed by the global changes of the concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols, as well as the regional changes of atmospheric circulation. Within a large urban area, the microclimate change (particularly climate warming) is amplified under the influence of sharply modified land surface properties. This is the process of the. Differences in meteorological parameters between the urban and rural areas form the so-called «islands». These are the Urban heat/cool island (UHI or UCI) and the Urban dry/ wet island (UDI or UWI) in the case of moisture shortage/excess within the urban area. The focus of this paper is the climate change of the Moscow megacity, including the changes of urban islands. Available meteorological observations within the Moscow urban area and surrounding territory make it possible to assess the urban-induced climate warming component separately from the climate variations typical to the whole central part of the East European Plain. According to the ground observation data during recent 15 years the intensity of the heat island has increased despite a «pause» in the process of global warming. To obtain more precise viewing of the UHI structure the satellite data (METOP-A and METOP-B) were analyzed together with those of ground observations. The former provide temperature and humidity profiles with the spatial resolution of 2525 km2. It was found that the UHI vertical extension could reach ~2 km. During summer, the lower part of UHI is at the same time the UDI, while its upper part is the UWI. In winter, the lower part of UHI is the UWI.
About the Authors
A. V. Kislov
Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Head of the Department, Professor, D.Sc. in Geography.
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Head of the Department, Professor, D.Sc. in Geography.
M. I. Varentsov
Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, postgraduate student.
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, postgraduate student.
I. A. Gorlach
FGBU Gidromettsentr Rossii.
Russian Federation
Leading Scientific Researcher, PhD in Geography.
Russian Federation
Leading Scientific Researcher, PhD in Geography.
L. I. Alekseeva
Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Senior Scientific Researcher, PhD in Geography.
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Senior Scientific Researcher, PhD in Geography.
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Review
For citations:
Kislov A.V., Varentsov M.I., Gorlach I.A., Alekseeva L.I. «HEAT ISLAND» OF THE MOSCOW AGGLOMERATION AND THE URBAN-INDUCED AMPLIFICATION OF GLOBAL WARMING. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2017;(4):12-19. (In Russ.)
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