THE QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOIL DIVERSITY: THEORY AND METHODS OF STUDY
Abstract
The essence and specific features of existing approaches to the investigation and quantitative assessment of soil diversity are outlined, namely: a) the theory of soil cover structures; b) the principles and methods of geostatistics; and c) the concepts and methods of the pedodiversity theory. Application and interpretation of data obtained by different methods are exemplified. The quantitative parameters which are considered in the theory of soil cover structures characterize the genesis of soil cover and the degree of connection between its components. The principal tasks of geostatistics are to describe the spatial variation of soil properties, while the pedodiversity studies aim mainly at the «information content» of soil cover which depends on the number of soil taxa and their spatial distribution within a certain territory. The assessment of taxonomic diversity and the diversity of soil properties (functional diversity) is complementary, and fully reflects the discrete-continuous nature of the soil cover.
About the Authors
M. A. Smirnova
Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Landscape Geochemistry and Soil Geography, Scientific Researcher, PhD in Geography.
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Landscape Geochemistry and Soil Geography, Scientific Researcher, PhD in Geography.
A. N. Gennadiev
Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Landscape Geochemistry and Soil Geography, Professor, D.Sc. in Geography.
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Landscape Geochemistry and Soil Geography, Professor, D.Sc. in Geography.
References
1. Alyabina O.I. Kolichestvennya ocenka raznoobraziya pochv ETR [The quantitative assessment of soil diversity in EPR]. M., Paims, 1996. P. 37-42, 96-103 (in Russian).
2. Amundson R., Guo Y., Gong P. Soil diversity and land use in the United States // Ecosystems. 2003. V. 6. P. 470-482.
3. Blagoveshchenskii Yu.N., Samsonova V.P. The fractal dimension index as applied to the description of the variable thickness of humus horizons on dumps of various ages // Eurasian Soil Science. 2001. V. 34. № 5. P. 479-483.
4. Brus D.J., de GruijterJ.J. Estimation of non-ergodic variograms and their sampling variance by design-based sampling strategies // Math. Geol. 1994. V. 26. P. 437-454.
5. Camargo J.A.On the concept of pedodiversity and its measurement. A reply // Geoderma. 1999. V. 93. № 3-4. P. 339- 344.
6. Caniego F.J., Ibanez J.J., Martínez F.F. Renyi dimensions and pedodiversity indices of the earth pedotaxa distribution // Nonlinear Processes Geophys. 2007. V. 14. P. 547-555.
7. Chiles J.-P., Delfiner P. Geostatistics: Modeling Spatial Uncertainty (second edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2012. 703 p.
8. Costantin E.A.C., L’Abate G. Beyond the concept of dominant soil: Preserving pedodiversity in upscaling soil maps // Geoderma. 2016. V. 271. P. 243-253.
9. FAO-UNESCO Soil Map of the World at 1:25 000 000 Scale, Rome, 2003.
10. Fridland V.M. O structure pochvennogo pokrova glavnyh pochvennyh zon i podzon zapadnoj chasti Sovetskogo Soyuza [About the structure of soil cover of the major soil zones and subzones in the western part of the Soviet Union] // Pochvovedenie. 1967. № 5. P. 12-22 (in Russian).
11. Fridland V.M. Struktura pochvennogo pokrova [Structure of soil cover]. Moscow, Mysl’, 1972, 424 p. (in Russian).
12. Godelman Ya.M. Struktura pochvennogo pokrova i zemleustroitelnoe proektirovanie [The structure of soil cover and land design] // Pochvovedenie. 1977. № 9. P. 13-25 (in Russian).
13. Godelman Ya.M., Lejb H.I. Pugachev A.P. Ocenka detalnosti pochvennyh kart parametrami struktury pochvennogo pokrova [Assessment of the degree of detail of soil maps using the parameters of soil cover structure] // Pochvovedenie. 1975. № 10. P. 19-27 (in Russian).
14. Guo Y., Gong P., Amundson R. Pedodiversity in the United States of America // Geoderma. 2003. V. 117. P. 99-115.
15. Ibanez J.J. Evolution of Fluvial Dissection Landscapes in Mediterranean Environments: Quantitative Estimates and Geomorphic, Pedologic, and Phytocenotic Repercussions // Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie. 1994. V. 38. № 1. P. 105-119.
16. Ibanez J.J., De-Alba S., Bermudez F.F., Garcia-Alvarez A. Pedodiversity: concepts and measures // Catena. 1995. V. 24. P. 215- 232.
17. Ibanez J.J., Jimenez-Ballesta R., Garcia-Alvarez A. Soil landscapes and drainage basins in Mediterranean mountain areas // Catena. 1990. V. 17. P. 573-583.
18. Ibanez J.J., Vargas R.J., Vazquez-Hoehne A. Pedodiversity State of the Art and Future Challenges // Pedodiversity. London: CRC press, 2013. P. 1-28.
19. Kooch Y., Hosseini S.M., Scharenbroch B.C. et al. Pedodiversity in the Caspian forests of Iran // Geoderma Regional. 2015. V. 5. P. 4-14.
20. Krasilnikov P.V., Garcia Calderon N.E., Ibanez Huerta A. Pedodiversity in mountainous tropical semi deciduous forests of Sierra Madre Del Sur, Mexico // Eurasian Soil Science. 2009. V. 42. P. 1435-1442.
21. Kraslnikov P.V., Starr M., Lantratova I.M. Kolichestvennaya ocenka raznoobraziya pochvennogo pokrova Fennoskandii [Quantification of the Fennoscandia soil diversityl] // The ecological functions of Eastern Fennoscandia soils. Petrozavodsk. Karelia.Sci. Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2000. P. 108-123 (in Russian).
22. Lark R. M. Towards soil geostatistics // Spatial Statistics. 2012. V. 1. P. 92-99.
23. Lark R.M., Webster R. Changes in variance and correlation of soil properties with scale and location: analysis using an adapted maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform // European J. Soil Science. 2001. V. 52. P. 547-562.
24. Liski J. Variation in soil organic carbon and thickness of soil horizons within a boreal forest stand - effect of trees and implications for sampling // Silva Fennica. 1995. V. 29. № 4. P. 255-266.
25. Lo Papa G., Palermo G.V., Dazzi C. Is land-use change a cause of loss of pedodiversity? The case of the Mazzarrone study area, Sicily // Geomorphology. 2011. V. 135. № 3-4. P. 332-342.
26. Macinnis-Nq C.M.O., Zeppel M.J.B., Palmer A.R., Eamus D. Seasonal variations in tree water use and physiology correlate with soil salinity and soil water content in remnant woodlands on saline soils // J. Arid environments. 2016. V. 129. P. 102-110.
27. Minasny B., McBratney A.B., Hartemink A.E. Global pedodiversity, taxonomic distance, and the World Reference Base // Geoderma. 2010. V. 155. № 3-4. P 132-139.
28. Minasny B., Vrugt J.A., McBratney A.B. Confronting uncertainty in model-based geostatistics using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation // Geoderma. 2011. V. 163. № 3-4. P. 150-162.
29. Nikitin E.D., Shishkina L.P., Voroncova E.M. Ekologicheskie funkcii stepnoj zony i sohranenie pochvenno-biologicheskogo raznoobraziya [Ecological functions of the steppe zone and conservation of soil and biological diversity] // Problems of preservation and restoration of steppe ecosystems. Orenburg, UDRAS, 1999. 109 r. (in Russian).
30. Odeh I.O.A. In Discussion of: «J.J. Ibanez, S.De Alba, A. Lobo, V. Zucarello, ‘Pedodiversity and Global Soil Patterns at Coarse Scales’» // Geoderma. 1998. V. 83. № 3-4. P. 203-205.
31. Petersen A., Grongroft A., Miehlich G. Methods to quantify the pedodiversity of 1 km2 areas - results from southern African drylands // Geoderma. 2010. V. 155. № 3-4. P. 140-146.
32. Phillips J.D., Marion D.A. Biomechanical effects, lithological variations, and local pedodiversity in some forest soils of Arkansas // Geoderma. 2005. V. 124. P. 73-89.
33. Pinto E., Fidalgo F., Teixeira J., Aquiar A.A., Ferreira I. Influence of the temporal and spatial variation of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthesize and soil composition in the N species content in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) // Plant science. 2014. V. 219-220. P. 35- 41.
34. Puzachenko Ju.G., Djakonov K.N., Aleshhenko G.M. Raznoobrazie landshafta i metody ego izmereniya [Landscape diversity and methods of its measurement] // Geography and monitoring of biodiversity. M.: NUMC, 2002. P. 76-178 (in Russian).
35. Rao C.R. Diversity and dissimilarity coefficients: A unified approach // Theoretical Population Biology. 1982. V. 21. № 1. P. 24-43.
36. Ricotta C. Through the jungle of biological diversity // Acta Biotheoretica. 2005. V. 53. P. 29-38.
37. Saldana A., Ibanez J.J. Pedodiversity analysis at large scales: An example of three fluvial terraces of the Henares River (central Spain) // Geomorphology. 2004. V. 62. № 1-2. P. 123-138.
38. Sidorova V.A., Krasilnikov P.V. Soil-geographic interpretation of spatial variability in the chemical and physical properties of topsoil horizons in the steppe zone // Eurasian Soil Science. 2007. V. 40. № 13. P. 1042-1051.
39. Stalbov R.Ja., Kachkov Ju.P., Jacuhno V.M. Harakteristika struktury pochvennogo pokrova erodirovannyh zemel’ rajonov Valdajskogo oledeneniya [Characteristic of the structure of soil cover on the eroded land within the Valdai Ice Age areas] // Pochvovedenie. 1979. № 9. P. 42-52 (in Russian).
40. Stein M.L. Interpolation of spatial data: some theory for kriging. New York: Springer, 2012. 247 p.
41. Toomanian N., Esfandiarpoor I. Challenges of pedodiversity in soil science // Eurasian Soil Science. 2010. V. 43. № 13. P. 1486- 1502.
42. Toomanian N., Jalalian A., Khademi H. et al. Pedodiversity and pedogenesis in Zayandeh-rud Valley, Central Iran // Geomorphology. 2006. V. 81. № 3-4. P. 376-393.
43. Uodis I.U.K. O structure pochvennogo pokrova Latvijskoj SSR [About the structure of soil cover of the Latvian SSR] // Pochvovedenie. 1967. № 11. P. 50-55 (in Russian).
44. Wilding L.P., Nordt L.C. In Discussion of: «J.J. Ibanez, S.De Alba, A. Lobo, V. Zucarello, ‘Pedodiversity and Global Soil Patterns at Coarse Scales’» // Geoderma. 1998. V. 83. № 3-4. P. 196- 199.
45. Xuelei Z. Pedodiversity Studies in China // Pedodiversity. London: CRC press, 2013. P. 211-228.
46. Yaalon D.H. In Discussion of: «J.J. Ibanez, S.De Alba, A. Lobo, V. Zucarello, ‘Pedodiversity and Global Soil Patterns at Coarse Scales’» // Geoderma. 1998. V. 83. № 3-4. P. 193-196.
Review
For citations:
Smirnova M.A., Gennadiev A.N. THE QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOIL DIVERSITY: THEORY AND METHODS OF STUDY. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2017;(4):3-11. (In Russ.)
Views:
730
Email this article 
