DYNAMICS OF THE LINEAR RETREAT OF GULLY HEADS WITHIN THE VYATKA-KAMA INTERFLUVE AT THE TURN OF 20TH CENTURY
Abstract
The results of monitoring of the linear retreat of gully heads within the Udmurt Republic during 1978–2015 are discussed. Regular monitoring covered the heads of 168 gullies. All of them are located within the agriculturally developed parts of the Vyatka–Kama interfluve. The main attention is given to evaluation of the gully head dynamics during 1997–2015, when principal climate and land–use changes took place. It was found that the rates of gully head retreat gradually decreased during 1997–2003 and then stabilized at an extremely low level (0,2–0,3 m yr–1). Therefore during 1997–2015 the mean annual gully head retreat rate reduced 3 to 5 times for different type of gullies as compared with the previous time period (1978–1997). The rates of head retreat were somehow different for slope and bottom gullies. Mean bottom gully head retreat is 0,55 m yr–1 while it is 0,31 m yr–1, 0,22 m yr–1 and 0,16 m yr–1 for different sub-types of slope gullies. Furthermore, a positive trend of bottom gully head retreat since 2008 was revealed, so in 2015 the gully head retreat rate reached 0.8 m yr–1. Lithological features have no considerable influence on the gully head linear retreat rate.
About the Authors
I. I. Rysin
Kazan Federal University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leading Scientific Researcher; Udmurt State University, Institute of
Natural Sciences
Russian Federation
Professor, D.Sc. in Geography
Russian Federation
Professor, D.Sc. in Geography
I. I. Grigoriev
Udmurt State University, Institute of Natural Sciences
Russian Federation
Senior Lacturer
Russian Federation
Senior Lacturer
M. Yu. Zaitseva
Udmurt State University, Institute of Natural Sciences
Russian Federation
post-graduate student
Russian Federation
post-graduate student
V. N. Golosov
Kazan Federal University, Institute of Environmental Sciences; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Makkaveev Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Fluvial Processes, Leading Scientific Researcher
References
1. Bolysov S.I. Faktory i skorosti sovremennoi regressivnoi erozii na yugo-zapade Podmoskoviya (bassein r. Protvy) [Factors and rates of contemporary gully erosion on south-west of the Moscow Region (Protva watershed)] // Erozionnye i karstovye processy na territorii centra Russkoi ravniny. Moscow, 1987. P. 48–55 (in Russian).
2. Bork H.-R., Bork H., Dalchow C., Faust B., Piorr H.-P., Schatz T. (Eds.). Landschaftsentwicklung in Mitteleuropa – Wirkungen des Menschen auf Landschaften. Klett–Perthes, Gotha, 1998. 328 p.
3. Butakov G.P. Pleistocenovy periglacial na vostoke Russkoi ravniny [Pleistocene periglacial on Russian plain east]. Kazan’, Izdatel’stvo Kazanskogo Universiteta, 1986. 144 p. (in Russian).
4. Dedkov A.P., Malysheva O.N., Porman S.V., Rozhdestvensky A.D. Drevnie poverkhnosti vyravnivaniya i ostancovyi rel’ef Udmurtii [Ancient planation surfaces and relict relief of Udmurt Republic] // Razvitie sklonov i vyravnivanie rel’efa. Kazan, 1974. P. 64–76 (in Russian).
5. Dotterweich M. The history of soil erosion and fluvial deposits in small catchments of Central Europe: deciphering the long term interaction between human and the environment – a review // Geomorphology. 2008. V. 101. P. 192–208.
6. Geographiya ovraznoi erozii [Geography of gully erosion] / E.F. Zorina (ed.), Moscow, Izdatel’stvo MGU, 2006. 324 p. (in Russian).
7. Golosov V., Panin A. Century–scale stream network dynamics in the Russian Plain in response to climate and land use change // Catena. 2006. V. 66. P. 74–92.
8. Grigoriev I.I., Rysin I.I. Issledovaniya tekhnogennykh i selskokhozyastvennykh ovragov v Udmurtii s primeneniem GIS tekhnologii [Study of technogenic and agricultural gullies in Udmurt Republic with application of GIS technology] // Vestnik Udmurtskogo Universiteta. V. 1. Biologiya. Nauki o Zemle, 2008. P. 49–58 (in Russian).
9. Ionita I. Gully development in the Moldavian Plateau of Romania // Catena. 2006. V. 68. P. 133–140.
10. Kern E.E. Ovragi, ikh zakreplenie, oblesenie i zapruzhivanie [Gullies, their consolidation, afforestation and damming]. Moscow, 1894. 141 p. (in Russian).
11. Korotina N.M. Skorost’ rosta ovragov v Ulianovskom Povolzhe [Growth rate of gullies in the Ulyanovsk Volga region] // Geomorphologiya, 1981. N 4. P. 78–83 (in Russian).
12. Kosov B.F. Dinamika ovraznoi seti pri osvoenii byvshikh lesnych ploschadei na yuge Nechernozemia [Dynamic of gully net after cultivation former forested areas on the south of Non-chernozem zone] // Erosiya pochv i ruslovye processy. Izdatel’stvo MGU. V. 8, 1981. P. 67–79 (in Russian).
13. Kosov B.F. Problema ocenki i prognosa intensivnosti ovraznoi erozii i rosta ovragov [Problem of assessment and prognosis of gully erosion and growth of gullies] // Vestnik MGU, seriya 5, geographiya. 1971. N 1. P. 37–44 (in Russian).
14. Kozmenko A.S. Bor’ba s eroziei pochv [Soil erosion control]. Moscow, Selkhozgiz, 1954. 229 p. (in Russian).
15. Litvin L.F., Kiryukhina Z.P., Dobrovolskaya N.G. Sovremennaya dinamika zemledelcheskoi erozii v Rossii [Contemporary dynamic of agricultural erosion in Russia] // Erosiya pochv i ruslovye processy. V. 18, 2012. P. 6–24 (in Russian).
16. Masalsky V.I. Ovragi chernozemnoi polosy Rossii, ikh rasprostranenie i deyatelnost’ [Gullies of Russian Сhernozem zone, their distribution, growing and activity]. St. Petersburg, 1897. 252 p. (in Russian).
17. Mironova E.A., Setunskaya L.E. Nekotorye resul’taty izucheniya intensivnosti rosta ovragov na Privolzhskoi vozvyshennosti [Some results of gully head retreat study on Privolzskaya upland // Geomorphologiya, 1974. N 3. P. 74–82 (in Russian).
18. Nazarov N.N. Ovraznaya eroziya v Prikamie [Gully erosion in Prikamie]. Izdatel’stvo Permskogo Universiteta, 1992. 103 p. (in Russian).
19. Notebaert B., Verstraeten G. Sensitivity of West and Central European river systems to environmental changes during the Holocene: a review // Earth-Science Reviews. 2010. V. 103 (3–4). P. 163–182.
20. Nyssen J., Poesen J., Moeyersons J., Deckers J., Haile M., Lang A. Human impact on the environment in the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands–a state of the art // EarthScience Reviews. 2004. V. 64(3–4). P. 273–320.
21. Ovraznaya eroziya [Gully erosion] // R.S. Chalov (ed)., Moscow, Izdatel’stvo MGU, 1989. 168 p. (in Russian).
22. Ovraznaya eroziya vostoka Russkoi ravniny [Gully erosion on the East of Russian Plain] // A.P. Dedkov (ed.), Kazan’, Izdatel’stvo Kazanskogo Universiteta, 1990. 142 p. (in Russian).
23. Pronicheva M.V. O skopostyakh rosta ovragov Srednerusskoi vozvyshennosti [About gully erosion rates within Srednerusskaya Upland] // Trudy IGAN SSSR Materialy po geomorphologii i paleogeographii, V. 65, 1955. N 14. P. 87–111 (in Russian).
24. Rozkov A.G. Bor’ba s ovragami [Struggle with gullies]. Kolos, Moscow, 1981. 199 p. (in Russian).
25. Rysin I.I., Grigoriev I.I. Vliyanie gidrometeorologicheskikh faktorov na rost ovragov v Udmurtii [Influence of hydrometeorological factors on gully retreat in Udmurt Republic] // Vestnik Udmurtskogo Universiteta, seriya biologiya. Nauki o Zemle, 2010, V. 4. P. 137–146 (in Russian).
26. Rysin I.I. Ovraznaya eroziya v Udmurtii [Gully erosion in Udmurt Republic]. Izhevsk, Izdatel’stvo Udmurtskogo Universiteta, 1998. 274 p. (in Russian).
27. Rysin I.I. O sovremennom trende ovrazhnoi eroszii v Udmurtii [About contemporary trend of gully erosion in Udmurt Republic] // Geomorphologiya, 1998. N 3. P. 92–101 (in Russian).
28. Skomorokhov A.I. Skorost’ rosta ovragov [Gully growth rate] // Geomorphologiya, 1981. N 1. P. 97–103 (in Russian).
29. Sobolev S.S. Razvitie erozionnykh processov na territorii evropeiskoi chasti SSSR i bor’ba s nimi [Erosion processes development on territory of the European part of USSR and their control]. Izdatel’stvo AN SSSR V. 1, 1948. 305 p. (in Russian).
30. Trimble S.W. Man-induced Soil Erosion on Southern Piedmont // Soil Conservation Society of America, USA, 1974. 180 p.
31. Verstraeten G., Rommens T., Peeters I., Poesen J., Govers G., Lang A. A temporarily changing Holocene sediment budget for a loess-covered catchment (central Belgium) // Geomorphology. 2009. V. 108. P. 24–34.
Review
For citations:
Rysin I.I., Grigoriev I.I., Zaitseva M.Yu., Golosov V.N. DYNAMICS OF THE LINEAR RETREAT OF GULLY HEADS WITHIN THE VYATKA-KAMA INTERFLUVE AT THE TURN OF 20TH CENTURY. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2017;1(1):63-72. (In Russ.)
Views:
684
Email this article 
