LOCALIZED KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-TECHNOLOGY CLUSTERS IN BAVARIA
Abstract
Evolution of high-technology clusters influenced by the localized knowledge spillovers resulting from migration of highly skilled professionals who established their companies inBavariais discussed. The case study is the biopharmaceutical cluster centered inMunich. The study revealed that the changing role of the sources of localized knowledge spillovers correlates with location of high-tech companies. In 1950– 1970s when large high-tech enterprises were moved toBavariafrom other federal states the external knowledge of experts from other regions and countries, as well as Bavarians who studied or worked abroad was critical. Then more and more firms were established by entrepreneurs who acquired knowledge in Bavarian companies. In the 1990s when the technology and cluster policy started the access to specialized infrastructure and financing and subsequently to a wide range of the innovation actors for obtaining specialized knowledge gained in importance. The increasing number of companies was established by the representatives ofBavaria’s research institutes and universities and the role of the «local» knowledge acquired within the region increased too. Among the main problems there are still recent decline in startups (since 2011), reduction of venture capital, as well as catching-up development of biotechnologies inGermany.
About the Author
A. N. Nosova
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Post-graduate student; Faculty of Geography, Department of Social and Economic Geography of Foreign Countries
Russian Federation
Post-graduate student; Faculty of Geography, Department of Social and Economic Geography of Foreign Countries
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Nosova A.N. LOCALIZED KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-TECHNOLOGY CLUSTERS IN BAVARIA. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2015;(5):82-93. (In Russ.)
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