Transformation of migration processes in the Northern Caucasus during 1770‒2019
Abstract
Based on the study of special scientific literature, regulations and archival documents, the article analyzes principal spatio-temporal features of population migration in the North Caucasus over the past two and a half centuries (late 18th – early 21st century). During this time period, seven periods can be distinguished according to the nature of state migration policy and population migration, with the account of the country development trends. The first period (1770–1866) is characterized by a large-scale settlement of the North Caucasus with organized migrants belonging to the Slavic peoples. During the second period (1867–1917) the region received significant numbers of self-organized migrants. The third period (1921–1945) was notable for the forced forms of migration. Planned migrations prevailed during the fourth period (1946–1962), and self-organized migrations during the fifth period (1963–1991). The sixth period (1992–2000) was characterized by large-scale flows of necessitated migration. During the seventh period (2001–2019) the role of necessitated migration decreased.
To study the migrations of the Soviet era, it was necessary to carry out a historical reconstruction based on archival documents, including those for the first time introduced into scientific circulation.
The article examines top-line factors and tendencies of migration processes in the North Caucasus, as well as the transformation of the role of the state as a regulator of migration processes in different historical periods, and determines the importance of migration component in the formation of the population of its regions.
Regional features of migration processes in the North Caucasus were redefined. The geographical picture of population migration in the region primarily depends on the differences between the plain and mountainous parts of the North Caucasus. The first zone is traditionally attractive for migrants, while the latter is characterized by a long-term outflow of the population, except for the first two periods of the Soviet era. The dynamics of migration growth in the North Caucasus during the 1960s – 2010s, is discussed for both urban and rural population.
About the Author
I. A. Soloviev
North Caucasus Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Institute of Earth Sciences, Department of Socio-Economic Geography, Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Geography
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For citations:
Soloviev I.A. Transformation of migration processes in the Northern Caucasus during 1770‒2019. Lomonosov Geography Journal. 2022;(2):73-85. (In Russ.)
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