Natural focal diseases in the Arctic under changing climate
Abstract
The review of 55 publications focuses on the problem of the spread of natural focal diseases in the Arctic region under the global climate change. The influence of factors of a changing environment on the functioning of the foci of natural focal diseases in the Arctic regions of Russia, Europe and North America is considered, as well as the issues of the northward shift of the areas of pathogens, their carriers and vectors in connection with climate warming, and the examples of outbreaks of natural focal diseases in the Arctic regions are given. The articles were selected on the Pubmed, ScienceDirect, e-Library and Cyberleninka platforms. The analysis of publications made it possible to identify 18 natural focal diseases, the most significant for the Russian and foreign Arctic. A survey of distribution in Russia and other countries with Arctic territories was carried out for ten of them. It might be supposed that tick-borne infections will move most intensively to the north under climate changes, following the expansion of vectors and warm-blooded carriers. In addition, new outbreaks of tularemia caused by high numbers of vectors (mosquitoes and horseflies) could not be excluded, as well as the reactivation of anthrax foci due to the degradation of permafrost and thawing of cattle burial grounds. Summarizing the data on diseases and pathologies of the Arctic population showed that the most vulnerable groups are those who live in remote areas, where adaptation to climate change is most difficult due to insufficient economic support or lacking infrastructure. In general, there are a limited number of studies considering the spread of natural focal diseases under the changing environment, particularly for the most remote regions.
Supporting agencies: The study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project № 18-05-60037). The research was carried out under the State Task 121051100137-4 “Spatio-temporal organization of ecosystems under environmental changes” and the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of the Lomonosov Moscow State University “Future Planet and Global Environmental Change”.
About the Authors
S. M. Malkhazova
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Department of Biogeography
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Professor, Head of Department, D.Sc. in Geography
V. A. Mironova
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Department of Biogeography
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Senior Scientific Researcher, Ph.D. in Geography
I. Kh. Bashmakova
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki
Finland
Finland
University Researcher
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For citations:
Malkhazova S.M., Mironova V.A., Bashmakova I.Kh. Natural focal diseases in the Arctic under changing climate. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2022;(1):43-57. (In Russ.)
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