The infl uence of vegetation cover and microrelief on snow stratigraphy in the Moscow region
Abstract
Parameters of snow cover and its individual layers were measured through the winter of 2015–2016 in the north-east of the Moscow Oblast. The aim of the study was to reveal the influence of local conditions of the spatial pattern and evolution of snow cover. Three sites with distinctly different vegetation and microtopography (field, forest meadow and mixed forest) were selected for the study.
During the maximum accumulation of snow the depth of snow cover was the least under the mixed forest, as compared with two other sites. Water reserves in the forest were by 50% smaller than at the forest meadow and by 40% smaller than in the field. Canopy intercepted snow fall down during wind, thaw, etc., and disturbed ground snow structure under tree crowns and at 1–2 m around them. Some snow layers were full of organic matter, thus reducing the surface reflectivity and increasing the intensity of snow melting. Deeper and much more
About the Author
A. Yu. KomarovRussian Federation
Junior Scientifi c Researcher
References
1. Chernous P.A., Seliverstov Y.G., Suchkov V.E. Vlijanie harakteristik snega na lavinoobrazovanie [Snow variability effect upon avalanching], Led i Sneg, 2015, vol. 55, no. 2, p. 53–59, DOI: 10.15356/2076-6734-2015-2-53-59. (In Russian)
2. Chernov R.A. Metamorfizm i termicheskie svojstva svezhevypavshego snega (po issledovanijam v Podmoskov’e) [Metamorphism and thermal properties of fresh snow (study in the Moscow region)], Led i Sneg, 2016, vol. 56, no. 2, p. 199–206, DOI: 10.15356/2076-6734-2016-2-199-206. (In Russian)
3. Dyunin A.K. Mekhanika metelei [Mechanics of blizzards], Novosibirsk, Sib. otdel AN SSSR Publ., 1963, p. 348. (In Russian)
4. Faria D.A., Pomeroy J.W., Essery R.L.H. Effect of covariance between ablation and snow water equivalent on depletion of snow-covered area in a forest, Hydrological Processes, 2000, vol. 14, no. 15, p. 2683–2695, DOI: 10.1002/1099-1085(20001030)14:15<2683::AIDHYP86>3.0.CO;2-N.
5. Fierz C., Armstrong R.L., Durand Y., Etchevers P., Green E., McClung D.M., Nishimura K., Satyawali P.K., Sokratov S.A. The International Classification for Seasonal Snow on the Ground: IHP-VII Technical Documents in Hydrology, IACS Contribution no. 1. Paris: UNESCO–IHP. 2009, 83: 80 p.
6. Formozov A.N. Snezhnyi pokrov kak faktor sredy, ego znachenie v zhizni mlekopitayushchikh i ptits SSSR [Snow cover as an environmental factor, its role in the life of mammals and birds of the USSR], Moscow, Moscow St. University Publ., 1990, 287 p. (In Russian)
7. Gelfan A.N., Pomeroy J.W., Kuchment L.S. Modeling forest cover influences on snow accumulation, sublimation, and melt, Journal of Hydrometeorology, 2004, vol. 5, no. 5, p. 785–803, DOI: 10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0785:MFCIOS>2.0.CO;2.
8. Golubev V.N., Petrushina M.N., Frolov D.M. Zakonomernosti formirovanija stratigrafii snezhnogo pokrova [Development Patterns of Snow Cover Stratigraphy], Led i Sneg, 2010, no. 1(109), p. 58–72. (In Russian)
9. Komarov A.Y., Seliverstov Y.G., Grebennikov P.B., Sokratov S.A. Spatial variability of snow water equivalent – the case study from the research site in Khibiny Mountains, Russia, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 2019, vol. 67, no. 1, p. 110–112, DOI: 10.2478/johh-2018-0016.
10. Komarov A.Y., Seliverstov Y.G., Grebennikov P.B., Sokratov S.A. Prostranstvenno-vremennaja neodnorodnost’ snezhnoj tolshhi po dannym penetrometra SnowMicroPen [Spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the snow cover from data of the penetrometer SnowMicroPen], Led i Sneg, 2018, vol. 58, no. 4, p. 473–485, DOI: 10.15356/2076-6734-2018-4-473-485. (In Russian)
11. Kotlyakov V.M., Sosnovsky A.V., Chernov R.A. Vlijanie uslovij na kontakte sneg – pochva na glubinu ejo promerzanija (po nabljudenijam v Kurskoj oblasti) [Influence of the snow – soil contact conditions on the depth of ground freezing (based on observations in the Kursk region)], Led i Sneg, 2019, vol. 59, no. 2, p. 182–190, DOI: 10.15356/2076-6734-2019-2-407. (In Russian)
12. Kuzmin P. Protsess tayaniya shezhnogo pokrova [Melting of Snow Cover], Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1961, 348 p. (In Russian)
13. Marshall H.P., Koh G. FMCW radars for snow research, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2008, vol. 52, no. 2, p. 118–131, DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.04.008.
14. Osokin N.I., Sosnovsky A.V., Chernov R.A. Vlijanie stratigrafii snezhnogo pokrova na ego termicheskoe soprotivlenie [Influence of snow cover stratigraphy on its thermal resistance], Led i Sneg, 2013, vol. 53, no. 3, p. 63–70, DOI: 10.15356/2076-6734-2013-3-63-70. (In Russian)
15. Pavlov A.V. Teplofizika landshaftov [Thermophysics of landscapes], Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1979, 286 p. (In Russian)
16. Pomeroy J.W., Brun E. Physical properties of snow, Snow ecology: An interdisciplinary examination of snow-covered ecosystems, 2001, p. 45–126, DOI: 10.1080/15230430.2002.12003521.
17. Rasmus S., Lundell R., Saarinen T. Interactions between snow, canopy, and vegetation in a boreal coniferous forest, Plant Ecology & Diversity, 2011, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 55–65, DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2011.558126.
18. Sosnovsky A.V., Osokin N.I., Chernyakov G.A. Dinamika snegozapasov na ravninnoj territorii rossii v lesu i v pole pri klimaticheskih izmenenijah [Dynamics of snow storages in forests and fields of Russian plains under climate changes], Led i Sneg, 2018, vol. 58, no. 2, p. 183–190, DOI: 10.15356/2076-6734-2018-2-183-190. (In Russian)
19. Sturm M. Snow distribution and heat flow in the taiga, Arctic and Alpine Research, 1992, vol. 24, no. 2, p. 145–152, DOI: 10.2307/1551534.
20. Sturm M., Holmgren J. Effects of microtopography on texture, temperature and heat flow in Arctic and Subarctic snow, Annals of glaciology, 1994, vol. 19, p. 63–68.
21. Sturm M., Benson C. Scales of spatial heterogeneity for perennial and seasonal snow layers, Annals of Glaciology, 2004, vol. 38, p. 253–260, DOI: 10.3189/172756404781815112.
22. Webb R.W., Jennings K.S., Fend M., Molotch N.P. Combining ground-penetrating radar with terrestrial LiDAR scanning to estimate the spatial distribution of liquid water content in seasonal snowpacks, Water Resources Research, 2018, vol. 54, no. 12, p. 10339–10349, DOI: 10.1029/2018WR022680.
23. Ilyin B.M., Bulygina O.N., Bogdanova E.G., Veselov V.M., Gavrilova S.Yu. Opisanie massiva mesjachnyh summ osadkov, s ustraneniem sistematicheskih pogreshnostej osadkomernyh priborov [Monthly precipitation totals with the elimination of systematic errors of precipitation gauges], URL: http://meteo.ru/data/506-mesyachnyesummy-osadkov-s-ustraneniem-sistematicheskikhpogreshnostej-osadkomernykh-priborov (date access 15.03.2021).
Review
For citations:
Komarov A.Yu. The infl uence of vegetation cover and microrelief on snow stratigraphy in the Moscow region. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2021;(6):87-98. (In Russ.)