Two-component separation of the Protva River hydrograph

The 2009, 2010, 2011, 2019 and 2020 hydrographs for the Protva River were separated into fast and basic components by the grapho-analytical method using the GrWat software package. The algorithm makes it possible to automatically separate the spring flood, baseline runoff, rain and thaw floods, depending on the characteristics of the water regime and uses the meteorological information of re-analysis. Separation of the runoff into two genetic components – groundwater and precipitation for individual days of the summer low-water period was performed. Isotopic separation was performed by the balance equation according to the δ18О values determined in river runoff and groundwater outlets. The oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation was taken as a monthly average δ18О of Moscow. For the summer low water, the algorithm divides the runoff into fast (atmospheric precipitation, surface runoff) and basic. The basic runoff separated by the GrWat algorithm is the total underground supply and consists of the groundwater itself and the suspended water. The assessment of soil component by the isotopic method does not include the suspended water. Thus, by using both separation methods together, it is possible to estimate the proportion of suspended water in the base runoff. The aim of the study was to establish the feature of the base flow of the Protva River and determine the amounts of groundwater supply, precipitation and water entering the main channel through the soil horizons (suspended water) for the summer low-water period. It was found that the contribution of the ground water component to the base flow is about 70–80%, and 20–30% of the base flow is formed by precipitation coming through the soil horizons. The study of the base flow formation and its separation in the GrWat algorithm is currently important for the catchments with irregular observations. The importance increases under the sharp interannual changes in water regime resulting from climate changes.

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