Hydrological and climatological factors of extreme erosion events in the Crimean Mountains

Data on the main climatic (air temperature, precipitation) and hydrologic (water runoff, suspended sediment yield) factors of extreme erosion events (EEEs) formation and development are collected and analyzed for the Crimean Mountain territory. Significant increase of air temperature is observed over the territory of Crimea. The change in the amount of precipitation and the parameters of their extremeness have an insignificant trend. According to the observations at the Ai-Petri station there are tendencies to decreasing number of consecutive days with precipitation during the year (CWD index), as well as increasing duration of the period without precipitation (CDD index) in warm period of the year. This contributes to a slight increase in the accumulation of friable material potentially ready for transportation during slope runoff and floods under the intense precipitation. According to the data of the Feodosiya station an increase in the intensity of extreme precipitation is observed in the southeastern part of the peninsula. For the most stations the 0.95 quantile of daily precipitation is higher in cold period of the year, while the 0,99 quantile is higher in warm period, thus indicating that the extreme precipitation is mainly in the form of rains within the Crimean Peninsula. Distribution of rainfall ero-sivity shows that it is below its maximum (more than 600) in the Crimean Mountains, where it varies from 400 to 500. The highest values are typical for yajlas (forest-free top plateaus of the Crimean Mountains), while the karst processes levels them by decreasing the surface runoff coefficients. The increasing suspended sediment yield is assumed in rivers in the south-west of the peninsula due to the increase of annual and maximum water discharges. The comparison of the seasonal distribution of river flow before and after the end of 1970-s - the beginning of 1980-s shows its slight increase in summer period. Changes in air temperature and precipitation within the territory of Crimea are found to be in line with the changes within other Black Sea coast countries.

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