Estimation of heat runoff of the rivers in the White Sea catchment area
Abstract
Heat runoff of the rivers of the White Sea catchment area and its variability are discussed. A representative time span of 1990–2014 has been chosen to estimate the annual variability of water and heat runoff and the water temperature in river mouths of the White Sea catchment area. A standard formula was used for estimating the heat runoff; partial watersheds of individual rivers were determined using the 1:1 000 000 maps and refined using 1:200 000 maps. For the period of 1990–2014 the heat runoff from the White Sea catchment area was 5480.94∙1015 J. The increase in water temperature in river mouths of the White Sea catchment area is shown for the period of 1956–2015, which was particularly pronounced since 1990. To identify the consequences of heat runoff variability, we used the results of mathematical modeling by the JASMINE software package. Thirteen numerical experiments were carried out; the dates of water temperature transition through 0,2; –0,5 and –1°С in spring and autumn for the Dvina, Onega and Mezen bays were used as markers. The experiments have shown that an increase or decrease in the mean monthly water temperature in rivers by 2°С, as well as the change of their water runoff by 30%, would not lead to a significant change in the timing of ice formation and ice destruction in the White Sea bays, but will only change water temperature during the warm season. The amplitude of temperature fluctuations will not be great, i.e. just several tenths of a degree of Celsius. The shift in model dates of ice formation and ice destruction under changing mean monthly temperature of rivers and their runoff in the catchment area would not exceed several hours. During both warming and cooling, the spring and summer temperatures of the surface sea layer in bays change first of all; such an effect is practically unnoticeable at greater depths. The results of the model studies prove the resistance of thermohydrodynamic system of the White Sea to external thermal effects of the rivers within its catchment area.
Supporting agencies: The work was carried out under the theme of the State Task for the Northern Water Problems Institute of Karelian Research Centre of the RAS.
About the Authors
A. V. Tolstikov
Northern Water Problems Institute of Karelian Research Centre of the RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Laboratory of Geography and Hydrology, Acting Head of the Laboratory, Senior Scientific Researcher, PhD in Geography
A. F. Balaganskiy
Northern Water Problems Institute of Karelian Research Centre of the RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Laboratory of Geography and Hydrology, Chief Hydrologist
I. A. Chernov
Institute of Applied Mathematical Research of Karelian Research Centre of the RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Laboratory of Natural Technical System Modelling, Senior Scientific Researcher, PhD in Phys. and Math.
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Review
For citations:
Tolstikov A.V., Balaganskiy A.F., Chernov I.A. Estimation of heat runoff of the rivers in the White Sea catchment area. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2021;(3):109-119. (In Russ.)
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