Bio­geographic aspects of estimating the efficiency of arable lands protection with forest belts

The article deals with the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of forest reclamation of arable land in the areas affected by wind and water erosion, which has recently become a little popular practice in Russia. The method of calculating the parameters of soil protection and environmental impact of the system of protected forest belts has been improved. A quantitative assessment of regional costs and environmental and economic effects depending on the level of protective forest cover of fields and other bioengineering features of forest reclamation models was obtained relative to the soil and climate conditions of the south of the European territory of Russia. Their structure, absolute and relative values are determined. The regularities of the zonal dynamics of the efficiency of capital investments in protective afforestation are described, as well as the influence of natural and forest-cultural factors. It is established that the cost of protective afforestation pays off in the first year of full operation of forest belt systems, i. e. after 7 to 10 years of their growing. About 40 to 80% of the total ecological and economic effect of forest belts falls upon their soil protection influence and more than 10 to 50% upon the forest resource value, environmental and recreational functions. The contribution of the agro­ameliorative effect of windbreak forest belts, i. e. increase in grain crop yield, does not exceed 1%, and flow-regulation effect is about 4 to 12%. Thus, the protective afforestation could be first of all regarded as an important measure for preserving land resources, improving the safety of agricultural production, and as a means of providing low-forested regions with forest resources, improving the quality of the environment and solving social problems.

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