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The influence of ethnocultural factor on the evolution of rural settlement patterns (case study of the polyethnic regions of Bashkiria and Mari El)

Abstract

The article reviews the stages of rural settlement patterns transformation for a long period by the cases of several municipalities of Mari El (Paranginsky and Mari-Tureksky) and Bashkortostan (Fyodorosky). The objects of the study are polyethnic regions. The rural districts under study are traditionally inhabited by Bashkir, Mari, Russian, Tatar, Chuvash, Udmurt and Mordva peoples. The emphasis of the study was on the ethnic and cultural impacts on rural settlement patterns transformation. It was analyzed with due consideration of specific features of the history of settlement, economic practices of different ethnic groups, demographic and migration behavior, stages of demographic transition and participation in urbanization. Mechanisms of the effect of different factors causing the transformation of the rural settlement network patterns were revealed at the local level, namely physical-geographical factor (at the early stages of settlement), positional (especially transport-geographical which was important during the next periods), demographic (defining the population numbers in rural settlements), institutional (more pronounced during the Soviet period). All factors were analyzed in terms of the ethnic composition of the population. Three stages of rural settlement evolution under ethnic and cultural factors interactions with other ones were identified, i. e. formation of rural settlement network; development of the rural settlement system under positive dynamics of population; transformation of rural settlement network under depopulation, growing territorial mobility of people and the ethnic identity raising. Cultural elements define the vision of the territory by ethnic groups and influence both personal and collective decisions principal for the rural settlement pattern development.

About the Authors

L. R. Imangulov
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia, student


M. R. Maximenko
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia, bachelor


M. S. Savoskul
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia, Head of the Department, Associate Professor, D.Sc. in Geography


S. S. Safronov
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia, Associate Professor, PhD in Geography


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Review

For citations:


Imangulov L.R., Maximenko M.R., Savoskul M.S., Safronov S.S. The influence of ethnocultural factor on the evolution of rural settlement patterns (case study of the polyethnic regions of Bashkiria and Mari El). Lomonosov Geography Journal. 2021;(1):109-119. (In Russ.)

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ISSN 0579-9414 (Print)