Migration in Germany in the second half of the 20th century
Abstract
The article deals with the main stages of international migration in Germany in the second half of the 20th century. During the period three stages of migration could be identified. The first stage was the postwar period and the 1960s, when return migrations took place and migration policy measures were put in place to attract labor migrants to the country. During the second stage (1970–1980) flows of labor migrants to Germany were formed, and the principal groups of foreigners appeared in the country. At this time the main approaches to the policy of integration of migrants and the main directions of research on international migrations were developed. The third stage of migration (1990–2010) is characterized by political system changes in Eastern Europe, the collapse of the USSR, and the formation of a single European labor market. As a result of the sixty-year-long international migration the proportion of foreign citizens in Germany has grown to almost 10% of the country’s population accounting for more than 8 million people. Germany is the leader among Western European states in terms of the number of migrants arriving to the country. The article analyzes the transformations of migration process, correlates the changes in migration situation with the main lines of research on the international migration, and focuses on the transformation of scientific discourse around the migration research in Germany. The article considers the changing attitude of scientific community and the state to the issue of the integration of migrants into the German society, depending on the scale and structure of migration flows.
The characteristics of each migration stage are discussed, as well as the main features of integration policy and the main research topics. A trend of research agenda expansion with increasing proportion and number of migrants is revealed. The present-day geography of international migration flows in Germany is described. In conclusion, the possibility of applying the «lessons» of the German migration experience to the current migration situation is considered for Russia, which has recently become a country that actively attracts international labor migrants.
Keywords
Supporting agencies: The study was financially supported from the Russian Academic Excellence Project at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University.
About the Author
M. S. Savoskul
Lomonosov Moscow State University;
Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia, Associate Professor, Head of the Department, D.Sc. in Geography;
Researcher
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Review
For citations:
Savoskul M.S. Migration in Germany in the second half of the 20th century. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2020;(6):86-98. (In Russ.)
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