Ice regime of the Northern Caspian
Abstract
Ice conditions of the Northern Caspian and their long-term dynamics depending on winter severity were analyzed basing on the observation data. Moderate types of winters prevail, but the number of severe and mild winters varies. Since the 1960s, the number of severe winters decreases, while the number of mild winters is on the increase. Ice covers about 75,5% of the Northern Caspian in severe winters, 65,1% in moderate, and 47,2% in mild winters. Average ice cover for the period 1940–2015 is 57%, however the ice cover decreased by 11%. The average long-term duration of the ice season is 81–124 days for the Kulaly and Peshnoye observation points, respectively. In mild winters ice formation begins few weeks later than the long-term average (sometimes a month later), and in severe winters 1 to 2 weeks earlier. The study showed that the ice season became shorter by 16 days in Peshnoye and 6 days in Astrakhan (in comparison with other data sources). Original classification of winter periods has been elaborated and performed basing on a number of factors: types of winters for coastal station (severe, moderate, mild); value and date of the minimum air temperature for coastal stations during winter season; average value of ice coverage of the North Caspian for the season (%); start and end dates and duration of the ice season (days). The classification suggests that during the 1950s – 1970s severe winter periods prevailed at all weather stations of the Caspian Sea region. After the 1970s moderate and mild winter periods showed an increasing tendency while severe winter periods occurred once-twice a decade.
Supporting agencies: The paper was prepared under the framework of the implementation of the state assignment of the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (project no. 01201363188) and financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Russian Geographical Society (project no. 1705-41190 РГО_а).
About the Authors
N. A. Yaitskaya
The Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Deputy Director for Research, PhD in Geography;
Laboratory of Information Technologies and Mathematical Modeling, Leading Scientific Researcher, PhD in Geography
A. A. Magaeva
Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
South Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Laboratory of Information Technologies and Mathematical Modeling, Junior Scientific Researcher;
Institute of Earth Sciences, Department of Oceanology, Junior Scientific Researcher
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For citations:
Yaitskaya N.A., Magaeva A.A. Ice regime of the Northern Caspian. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2020;(6):63-72. (In Russ.)
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