Channel morphology and bank erosion in the lower reaches of the Ob River (within the KhMAO-Yugra autonomous district)
Abstract
The erosion of river banks is a most dangerous form of channel processes. Besides from creating a threat to settlements and engineering facilities on the banks it affects the channel regime of rivers, and provokes changes of the channel forms, their parameters, flow structure and hydraulics. However the bank erosion in relation to the channel morphodynamics is still poorly explored. The paper provides general description of bank erosion for the Lower Ob River. The banks are relatively homogeneous in terms of lithological composition (sandy-loamy) along the whole length of a branching channel under water distribution over numerous branches and floodplain channels. Using the remote sensing data for different time intervals we calculated the erosion rates and the length of erosion front. The main parameters of the principal channel types of the Lower Ob River, i. e. branching channels, meanders and bifurcated channels, were revealed. The erosion rates increase and the length of erosion front decreases in the meanders with low curvature, and the bank erosion depends on the local situation. The high curvature and wavelength of meander or branching channel provide for a long front of erosion and low rates of river banks erosion. It was found that higher water discharge and water distribution over branches and floodplain channels leads to increasing river banks erosion in the branching and bifurcated channels. Under otherwise equal conditions the intensity of river banks erosion is higher in the branches with greater water discharge.
Supporting agencies: The paper is prepared according to the scientific research plans of the Department of Land Hydrology and the Research Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Fluvial Processes and financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 18-17-00086 – erosion of river banks within channel bifurcations) and the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (project no. 18-05-00487 – bank erosion extremes).
About the Authors
A. A. Kurakova
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Land Hydrology, PhD student
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Land Hydrology, PhD student
R. S. Chalov
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Land Hydrology, Professor; Makkaveev Research Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Fluvial Processes, Chief Scientific Researcher, D.Sc. in Geography
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Review
For citations:
Kurakova A.A., Chalov R.S. Channel morphology and bank erosion in the lower reaches of the Ob River (within the KhMAO-Yugra autonomous district). Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2020;(6):41-50. (In Russ.)
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