The bird fauna of the Urup Island (the Great Kuril Ridge)

Ecological and geographical features of spatial differentiation of avifauna and bird population of the Urup Island are analyzed. The 2019 study was carried out in the vicinity of the Novokurilskaya Bay in the north-east of the Urup Island and the vicinity of the Schukin Bay on the Van Der Lind Peninsula in the south-west of the island. The method of route accounting on the transects of unlimited width was applied for the surveying at the altitudes of 0 to 200 m above sea level. The taxonomic structure and the species composition of avifauna show the high degree of similarity at the Urup Island. In 2019 90 bird species were recorded there, 59 in the north-east and 56 in the south–west of the island. The Sшrensen similarity coefficient of local avifauna for the surveyed points (n=2) is 68%. 38% of species are omnipresent, 41% are local, and 21% are sporadic. Six species were registered for the first time. Taxonomic structure of the Urup Island avifauna, which includes species of 12 orders, corresponds to the zonal and landscape features of island territories located near the North-Eastern Eurasia. The number of species is dominated by Passeriformes (39%), Charadriiformes (28%) and Anseriformes (10%) which are characteristic of the Boreal and Hypo-Arctic zones of the Palearctic. The zoogeographic originality of the local avifauna is due to the combination of elements of the Far Eastern island, Pacific, Siberian and Chinese faunal complexes, Siberian-American and widespread species, as well as Japanese island endemics. Local avifauna is formed within the system of general zonal-landscape and altitudinal-belt patterns and combines the ecological groups of marine, land and mountain species. The mountain features of the island avifauna are represented by the species (n=9) that are ecologically closely related to land or water-near-water elements of the alpine landscape over the entire area of their range or a significant part of it. The bird population density is 323– 609 ind/km2 for land habitats (averaging to 466 ind/km2), and 774–2050 ind/km2 for the coast and nearby sea area (averaging to 1412 ind/km2). The similarity coefficients of bird populations are 20% in land-based habitats and 17% in the coastal-marine habitats.

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