Evaluation of bioclimatic potential of the Black Sea resorts of Crimea for regional tourism development

A comprehensive analysis of bioclimatic conditions over the Crimea was carried out to evaluate the potential of its territory development as a year-round tourist resort. The Tourism Climatic Index (TСI) was used as an indicator of such conditions. It was calculated on the basis of Z. Mieczkowski method, improved by the authors. Daily hydrometeorological data for the period from 1950 to 2017 was analyzed, taken from the archive of standard hydrometeorological observations at five main stations of Crimea located in the different zones of the peninsula (Evpatoria, Sevastopol, Yalta, Feodosia and Kerch) and the archive of observation data from European weather stations E-OBS, as well as the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data on the spatial grid 2,5°2,5°, which were interpolated to the points of observation in the Crimea.

Bioclimatic potential and restrictions for carrying out year-round tourism activities are shown. The study of the TCI linear trends for each month revealed the significant positive values of the corresponding coefficients in late winter and early spring (0,06–0,065 points/year in February and 0,048–0,092 points/ year in March), as well as just slightly smaller values during the other months, which seems promising for the formation of a positive trend in bioclimatic conditions and favors tourist activity in Crimea. Analysis of the TСI intra-annual dynamics showed a high bioclimatic potential for the year-round tourist activities within the territories of Yalta and Sevastopol regions. At the same time, the region of Feodosia could be classified into conditionally year-round tourism with restrictions in January. The bioclimatic values of tourist conditions in Evpatoria and Kerch regions from December to February eliminate the development of year-round touristic and recreational activities in these areas. However, taking into account the positive linear trend of TСI for February in the Evpatoria area, one can hope for possible lengthening of the tourist season by one month in the future.

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