The track effect in the evolution of rural settlements in the Republic of Mari El
Abstract
The village disappeared, only the track remained. But at least you can get to the apiary Beekeeper from the Paranginsky district of Mari El, 2019 Patterns of the evolution of settlements network and changes of their functions were revealed through the analysis of peripheral territories of the Mari El Republic, for which unique data for each rural settlement were available since 1890. Until the middle of the 20th century the number of settlements was continuously increasing, and the maximum density was reached in the 1950s. Further the consolidation of collective farms and the policy of «elimination of unpromising settlements» led to almost half reduction of the network. The most stable were the former volost centers, and the central estates of the collective farms of the late Soviet period – they all survived. But the settlements with 1979 population less than 100 inhabitants mostly disappeared. Settlements that were incomplete or complete service centers (in which there were both incomplete and complete schools and health care institutions) generally kept the class of service centers unchanged, because the reduction of the network of budgetary institutions affected them less significantly.
Supporting agencies: The problem statement and the methodology development have been carried out under the State task of the Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia «Socio-economic factors of transformation of the territorial organization of society in Russia and neighboring countries» (CITIS AAAA-A16-116032810087-1). The collection of material, its processing and analysis were financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project № 18-05-00394)
About the Authors
A. S. Chuchkalov
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Student
Faculty of Geography, Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia
A. I. Alekseev
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Professor, D.Sc. in Geography
Faculty of Geography, Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia
References
1. Alekseev A.I., Safronov S.G. Tipologija sel’skih naselennyh punktov Evropejskoj chaste Rossii v sovremennoj demograficheskoj i social’no-jekonomicheskoj situacii [Typology of rural settlements in the European part of Russia under recent demographic and socioeconomic situation]. Vest. Mosk. Un-ta, Ser. 5, Geogr., 2017, no. 6, p. 55–61. (In Russian)
2. Auzan A.A. «Jeffekt kolei». Problema zavisimosti ot traektorii predshestvujushhego razvitija – jevoljucija gipotez [The track effect. Problem of dependence from the trajectory of previous development: evolution of hypotheses] // Vestn. Mosk. Un-ta, Ser. 6, Econom, 2015, no 1, p. 3–17. (In Russian)
3. Berg L.S. Aral’skoe more: Opyt fiziko-geograficheskoj monografii. [The Aral Sea: An Attempt of a Physical-Geographic Monograph]. St. Petersburg, 1908, 580 p. (In Russian)
4. Bushkov R.A. Rassvet zemli Onara: istoriko-kraevedcheskie ocherki [Dawn of the land of Onar: historical and local history essays]. Kazan, S. Marjani Institute of History, AN RT, 2017, 464 p. (In Russian)
5. Demyanova S.V. Istoriya ischeznuvshikh selenii Paran’ginskogo raiona [The history of disappeared villages of the Paranginsky district]. Bogatstvo finno-ugorskikh narodov. Materialy V Mezhdunarodnogo finno-ugorskogo studencheskogo foruma. [Proceedings of the V International Finno-Ugric Student Forum: The wealth of Finno-Ugric peoples]. Yoshkar-Ola, 2018, p. 270–271. (In Russian)
6. Kovalev S.A. Sel’skoe rasselenie (geograficheskoe issledovanie). [Rural settlement (geographical study)] Moscow, Moscow University Publ., 1963, 371 p. (In Russian)
7. Nureev R.M., Latov Yu.V. Rossija i Evropa: jeffekt kolei (opyt institucional’nogo analiza istoriij ekonomicheskogo razvitija). [Russia and Europe: the Track Effect (An attempt of institutional analysis of the history of economic development)]. Kaliningrad, Immanuel Kant Russian State University Publ., 2010, 530 p. (In Russian)
8. Tkachenko A.A., Smirnov I.P., Smirnova A.A. Transformacija seti centrov sel’skogo rasselenija v nizovom rajone Central’noj Rossii. [Transformation of the network of rural settlement centers in a municipal district of Central Russia]. Vestn. Mosk. Un-ta, Ser. 5, Geogr, 2019, no. 2, p. 78–85. (In Russian)
9. Administracija MO «Mari-Turekskij municipal’nyj rajon». Oficial’nyj internet-portal RespublikiMarijJel [Elektronnyi resurs], URL: http://www.mari-el.gov.ru/mturek/Pages/main.aspx (access dates 31.05–12.07.2019). (In Russian)
10. Administracija MO «Paran’ginskij municipal’nyj rajon». Oficial’nyj internet-portal Respubliki Marij Jel [Elektronnyi resurs], URL: http://www.mari-el.gov.ru/paranga/Pages/main.aspx (access dates 31.05–12.07.2019). (In Russian)
11. Administrativno-territorial’noe delenie Marijskoj ASSR 1952- 1986 gg. Rodnaja Vjatka. Kraevedcheskij portal [Elektronnyi resurs], URL: https://www.rodnaya-vyatka.ru/maratd (access dates 31.05– 12.07.2019). (In Russian)
12. Baza dannyh «Еtnojazykovoj sostav naselennyh punktov Rossii» [Elektronnyi resurs], URL: http://www.lingvarium.org/russia/settlem-database.shtml (access dates 31.05–12.07.2019). (In Russian)
13. Baza dannyh pokazatelej municipal’nyh obrazovanij. Federal’naja sluzhba gosudarstvennoj statistiki RF [Elektronnyi resurs], URL: http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/munst/ (access dates 31.05–12.07.2019). (In Russian)
14. Mari-Turekskij rajon/ Informacionnyj resurs Respubliki MarijJel [Elektronnyi resurs], URL: https://www.12rus.ru/List/26/ (access dates 31.05–12.07.2019). (In Russian)
15. Paran’ginskij rajon/ Informacionnyj resurs Respubliki Marij Jel [Elektronnyi resurs], URL: https://www.12rus.ru/List/31/ (access dates 31.05–12.07.2019). (In Russian)
16. Perepisi naseleniya Rossiiskoi Imperii, SSSR, 15 novykh nezavisimykh gosudarstv. Rossiiskii demograficheskii barometr [Elektronnyi resurs], URL: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/census.php/ (access dates 31.05–12.07.2019). (In Russian)
17. Revizskie skazki i perepisnye knigi Vyatskogo kraya. Rodnaya Vyatka. Kraevedcheskii portal [Elektronnyi resurs], URL: https://www.rodnaya-vyatka.ru/censuses/ (access dates 31.05– 12.07.2019). (In Russian)
18. Starye karty Respubliki Marij Jel. Starye karty gorodov Rossii i zarubezh’ja [Elektronnyi resurs], URL: http://www.retromap.ru/select.html#t=Marij%20Jel (access dates 31.05–12.07.2019). (In Russian)
Review
For citations:
Chuchkalov A.S., Alekseev A.I. The track effect in the evolution of rural settlements in the Republic of Mari El. Lomonosov Geography Journal. 2020;(2):53-65. (In Russ.)
Views:
1013
Email this article 
