GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE ROAD DUST IN THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF MOSCOW

Principal physical and chemical properties and the geochemical specialization of the road dust in the Eastern district of Moscow were analyzed. Under the increasing intensity of traffic the percentage of sand rises in the dust, and the sand contains more heavy metals and metalloids. Concentrations of these elements became lower in fine, medium and coarse dust and show no changes in the silt fraction. At the small roads 93% Ag, 51-60% Cd, Bi, As, Sb and Sn, 31-50% Cr, Mo, Pb, Ni, Zn, Co and Cu, up to 30% W, V, Fe, Mn, Be, Ti and Sr are associated with the ecologically most hazardous PM₁ and PM_1-10. As compared to the upper part of the continental crust the road dust in the Eastern district is enriched with Cd₁₂Sb₁₀Sn₇Zn₆Cu₆Mo₆Pb₅Ag₅W₅Bi₅. The authors suggest using the integral index Ze to evaluate the enrichment of the road dust with heavy metals and metalloids.

Under the increasing intensity of traffic the enrichment of PM_1-10, PM_10-50 and PM_>50 with heavy metals increases, while that of PM₁ became lower, as a result of different chemical composition of emissions and traffic structure. According to their correlation with the transport load all elements could be classified into 5 groups. While assessing ecological-geochemical aspects of the environmental impact of transport it is important to survey both large highways and small driveways. Of priority monitoring are the concentrations of Cd, Sb, Zn, Ag and Sn which form the most contrasting geochemical anomalies in different particle-size fractions of the road dust.

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