URBAN TOPOGRAPHY AS A FACTOR OF COMFORTABLE LIVING OF THE POPULATION
Abstract
The article aims to show the role of urban terrain in the living comfort at cities. Relief controls the formation of modern urban landscapes, as well as their past and future state. The transformation of the surface of urban sites becomes a cause of changes of some physical features of environment. We have studied the aspects of relief impact on the environment which have direct influences on people’s comfort. These aspects are geological and geomorphological hazards; influence of topography on the solar exposure of residential houses, wind distribution in atmospheric boundary layer, transformation of the run-off; terrain effect on noise propagation and the placing of the elements of ecological framework. The paper is based on the different data types. Firstly, it is field data from several cities, i.e.Moscow,Voronezh,Sochi,Kursk,Tambov,Belgorodand other. Secondly, it is published data of some geomorphological and ecological investigations in Russian and foreign cities. Topographical information was obtained from SRTM-data, large-scale maps and plans, digital elevation models created on Ikonos stereo-images. Building and urban zoning information was obtained from situational plans, OpenStreetMap data, master-plans and schemes of urban planning. Materials on urban climate were obtained in the archives of the Russian Bureau of Hydrology and Meteorology. Geomorphological hazards affect the life comfort only in the cities located in active geomorphodynamical areas. Value of topography dissection has effect on the duration of solar exposure of the residential houses and blocks. The duration of solar exposure depends on the gradient and aspect of slopes. Orientation of landforms determines the airing of urban areas in connection to the wind regime. Transformation of urban terrain and underlying surface determines changes of drainage pattern and geochemical flows. The topography of landscapes and its position in relation to noise sources influence the conditions of sound propagation and noise pollution in the air. Geological and geomorphological features of urban area control the formation of ecological frameworks in the cities. The definition of «geomorphological comfortability» is suggested. Geomorphological comfortability of life is an attribute of relief to create the real condition and/or subjective sense of calm and convenience in the current geomorphological situation through the influence of relief on the general physical and psychical conditions of a person, type of human activities and aesthetic preferences.
Keywords
urban topography,
comfortability of life,
solar exposure,
wind condition,
noise pollution,
drainage,
ecological framework
Supporting agencies: Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No 14-05-31010 мол_а)
About the Authors
S. I. Bolysov
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Professor, D.Sc. in Geography; Faculty of Geography, Department of Geomorphology and Palaeogeography
Russian Federation
Professor, D.Sc. in Geography; Faculty of Geography, Department of Geomorphology and Palaeogeography
S. V. Kharchenko
Kazan (Cis-Volga) Federal University
Russian Federation
Research Scientist, PhD. in Geography; Institute of Ecology and Nature Management, Department of Landscape Ecology
Russian Federation
Research Scientist, PhD. in Geography; Institute of Ecology and Nature Management, Department of Landscape Ecology
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Review
For citations:
Bolysov S.I., Kharchenko S.V. URBAN TOPOGRAPHY AS A FACTOR OF COMFORTABLE LIVING OF THE POPULATION. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2016;(1):21-28. (In Russ.)
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