IMPACT OF MOTOR VEHICLES ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF SOILS IN THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF MOSCOW
Abstract
Ecological and geochemical studies of salinization, contamination with heavy metals and metalloids (HMMs) and the composition of soil algae and cyanobacteria in soils near roadways with different traffic intensities and in courtyards with parking lots were carried out in the Western Administrative District of Moscow. Application of deicing reagents on roads leads to the alkalization (pH 6,9–7,4) and salinization of soils in WAD. The highest concentration of water soluble salts was observed in spring at a depth of 20–30 cm (the sum of ions equals to 0,15%). The ions of Са2+, Na+ and HCO3
–, NO3 – and Cl– dominate the salt composition. In autumn, the maximum of salts shifts to the upper soil layer with the dominance of Са2+, Mg2+ and HCO3 –. Motor vehicle emissions in WAD are the main source of contamination of roadside soils with W, Sb, Cu and Zn, average concentrations of which (3,0, 1,0, 29,8 and 120 mg/kg) are 1,7–2,8 times higher than the background level. The soils of WAD are characterized by low salinity and non-hazardous level of
contamination with HMMs (Zc 9,2), without significant differences in the accumulation of readily soluble salts and HMMs near roads with different traffic intensities. Algal-cyanobacterial communities in roadside soils are dominated by species resistant to the alkaline reaction of the environment, salinity, pollution, high insolation and low humidity, thus indicating rather high level of anthropogenic load on soils.
About the Authors
N. E. Kosheleva
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Landscape Geochemistry and Soil Geography, Leading Scientific Researcher, D.Sc. in Geography
M. F. Dorokhova
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Landscape Geochemistry and Soil Geography, Senior Scientific Researcher, PhD. in Biology
N. Yu. Kuzminskaya
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Landscape Geochemistry and Soil Geography, second year master student
A. V. Ryzhov
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Landscape Geochemistry and Soil Geography, second year master student
N. S. Kasimov
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Landscape Geochemistry and Soil Geography, Head of the department, Academician of the RAS, D.Sc. in Geography
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For citations:
Kosheleva N.E., Dorokhova M.F., Kuzminskaya N.Yu., Ryzhov A.V., Kasimov N.S. IMPACT OF MOTOR VEHICLES ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF SOILS IN THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF MOSCOW. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2018;(2):16-27. (In Russ.)
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