HYDROLOGICAL HAZARDS IN THE MOUTH OF THE NORTHERN DVINA AND THE CAUSES OF THEIR LONG-TERM CHANGES

The results of detailed studies of hazardous hydrological processes in the mouth of the Northern Dvina river are presented. The focus is on the ice jams, inundations from both pure maximum stream flow and peak discharges with ice jams, storm surges and surge-induced flooding, dangerous wind-induced down-surges and low-water periods. The updated and new information on the location, frequency and magnitude of hydrological hazards, long-term variability of their characteristics are given. Long-term changes of hazardous hydrological processes in the mouth of the Northern Dvina river in the period 1900–2013 are analyzed. During this analysis, the features and patterns of long-term variations in water runoff and hydrological regime of the river, of the regime of the White sea, of the regional climatic conditions are taken into account. New estimates of the parameters of the hydrological regime river in its mouth are obtained. Conclusions on the spatial and temporal variability of these characteristics, the causes of variability are justified. Detailed information about the damages into the mouth of the Northern Dvina river caused by floods, about list and effectiveness of the measures of prevention and protection against ice jams and river flooding, new data on the structure and parameters of the mouth of the Northern Dvina are given.

river, sea, mouth, delta, hydrological regime, runoff and water levels, inundations, low-water periods, ice jams, storm surges, wind-induced down-surges, damage protective measures

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