ICE REGIME AND DANGEROUS HYDROLOGICAL PHENOMENA ON RIVERS OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA
Abstract
The area under investigation is the Arctic region of the European part of Russia. According to the information from 74 hydrological gauging stations on 65 rivers, the characteristics of ice regime from 1961 to 2013 are described. Dates of first ice on the rivers, formation of seasonal winter ice cover, ice breakup and ice clearance were analyzed, as well as the duration of the autumn and spring ice run, freezing-up and ice-clearing periods, complete freezing period and that with ice phenomena on the rivers; characteristics of water level regime (maximum levels during the spring ice run, levels of the first ice and the complete freezing) etc. are described. The most pronounced problems for people and economy in relation to ice phenomena on the rivers are inundations (because of ice-dam or ice-jam development), damage of hydraulic engineering structures during heavy ice run at high water levels, and also the organization of navigation and ice crossings of rivers. Ice hazards were evaluated using such indicators as frequency of floodplain flooding during the spring ice run; return period of the maximum annual water level accompanied by the ice phenomena; characteristics of ice-damming (frequency, maximum levels of water and contribution of ice-dams to their formation); actual duration of navigation, characteristics of freezing-up and ice-clearing periods.
About the Authors
S. A. Agafonova
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Land Hydrology, Scientific Researcher, PhD in Geography
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Land Hydrology, Scientific Researcher, PhD in Geography
N. L. Frolova
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Land Hydrology, Professor, D.Sc. in geography
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Land Hydrology, Professor, D.Sc. in geography
A. N. Vasilenko
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography Department of Land Hydrology, student
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography Department of Land Hydrology, student
V. A. Shirocova
S. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor
Russian Federation
D.Sc. in Geography
Russian Federation
D.Sc. in Geography
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Review
For citations:
Agafonova S.A., Frolova N.L., Vasilenko A.N., Shirocova V.A. ICE REGIME AND DANGEROUS HYDROLOGICAL PHENOMENA ON RIVERS OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2016;(6):41-49. (In Russ.)
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