ABOUT EXTREME LEVELS OF AIR POLLUTION IN MOSCOW
Abstract
According to continuous 11 years-long measurements (2002–2012) at the joint ecological station of the A.M. Obukhov IAP RAS and the MSU Faculty of Geography data on the upper and lower limits of the surface concentrations of minor atmospheric gases (ozone, nitrogen oxide and dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide) are provided. It is shown that around the MSU, in the southwestern part of Moscow, far from production enterprises and large highways, maximum allowable concentrations are very rarely exceeded: such cases account for about 0,1% for O3 , NO and CO; 0,01% for NO2 and 0,001% for SO2 . The highest average 10 min concentrations were 150 ppb for ozone; 996 and 226 ppb for NO and NO2 respectively; 16 ppm for CO; and 276 ppb for SO2 . Anomalously high air pollution is usually characteristic of longlasting anti-cyclonic conditions. The highest concentrations of O3 , NO2 and CO were recorded in 2010 and 2002 summers during a smoky haze in extraordinary hot weather; while on the contrary, those of SO2 occurred during the deep freeze in 2006 winter. The data of «ECHO-1» and «MODOS» sodars allowed correlating the record-breaking high levels of air pollution with both temperature stratification and wind regime of the lower atmosphere. For the first time regularities of diurnal and annual variations of extremely low (near-zero) surface concentrations of O3 , NO and SO2 are revealed according to the long-term data.
About the Authors
M. A. Lokoshchenko
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Leading Research Scientist, PhD. in Geography, Associate Professor
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Leading Research Scientist, PhD. in Geography, Associate Professor
N. F. Elansky
A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Head of the Department of atmosphere structure research, Corresponding member of
RAS, D.Sc. in Physics and Mathematics, Professor
A. V. Trifanova
University «Dubna»
Russian Federation
Department of Ecology and Earth Sciences, post-graduate student
Russian Federation
Department of Ecology and Earth Sciences, post-graduate student
I. B. Belikov
A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics
Russian Federation
Laboratory of atmosphere gas impurities, Senior Research Scientist, PhD. in Physics and Mathematics
Russian Federation
Laboratory of atmosphere gas impurities, Senior Research Scientist, PhD. in Physics and Mathematics
A. I. Skorokhod
A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics
Russian Federation
Head of the Laboratory of atmosphere gas impurities, PhD. in Geography
Russian Federation
Head of the Laboratory of atmosphere gas impurities, PhD. in Geography
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Review
For citations:
Lokoshchenko M.A., Elansky N.F., Trifanova A.V., Belikov I.B., Skorokhod A.I. ABOUT EXTREME LEVELS OF AIR POLLUTION IN MOSCOW. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2016;(4):29-39. (In Russ.)
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