Current status and efficiency of abandoned lands re-development in river basins of South-Western Transbaikalia

Complex ecological and economic studies of post-agrarian landscapes in the middle reaches of the Selenga, Chikoy and Temnik rivers were carried out within the boundaries of the Selenga administrative region of the Republic of Buryatia (RB). A map of abandoned agricultural lands has been compiled. A brief description of agroclimatic conditions of the study area is given; the structure of agricultural land, the yield of grain and forage crops, the dynamics of livestock and the load of livestock on pastures and hayfields are analyzed. The reasons for the arable land abandonment are formulated. It was revealed that pastures and hayfields are not excluded from the agricultural use. This is due to an increase in the livestock numbers in households, which are the main agricultural producers in the RB, as well as a shortage of natural forage lands. The species composition and the state of shelterbelt forests are described as an integral part of the ecotopes of post-agrarian landscapes. The main taxonomic indicators of trees are given. The study of shelterbelt forests is topical due to the need for their inventory, lack of maintenance, and the adoption of Federal Laws on protective afforestation and land reclamation. A brief agrochemical description of the state of soils in key areas is given. To assess the effectiveness of arable land re-use, a net operating income (NOI) or rental income was calculated for each grain and grain-fodder crop grown in the region under study. It was revealed that oats and spring wheat are the most profitable. Recommendations were formulated for the re-development of post-agricultural landscapes, optimization of protective afforestation, and reconstruction of shelterbelt forests.

1. Agroklimaticheskii spravochnik po Buryatskoi ASSR [Agroclimatic handbook of the Buryat ASSR], Leningrad, 1960, 189 p. (In Russian)

2. Aleksandrova N.A., Zharnikov V.B. Analiz ispol’zovaniya sel’skokhozyaistvennykh zemel’ krest’yanskimi (fermerskimi) khozyaistvami v Selenginskom raione Respubliki Buryatiya [Analysis of the use of agricultural land by peasant (farmer) farms in Selenginsky raiona Respubliki Buryatiya], Interekspo Geo-Sibir’, 2021, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 104–110. (In Russian)

3. Asalkhanov I.V. Sel’skoe khozyaistvo Sibiri kontsa XIX – nachala XX veka [Agriculture of Siberia of the late XIX – early XX century], Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1975, 165 p. (In Russian)

4. Atlas Zabaikal’ya [Atlas of Transbaikalia], akad. V.B. Sochavа (еd.), Moskow, Irkutsk, GUGK, 1967, p. 10–11. (In Russian)

5. Avessalomova I.A. Biogeohimicheskaja neodnorodnost’ agrolandshaftov (na primere srednetaezhnoj podzony juga Arhangel’skoj oblasti) [Biogeochemical heterogeneity of agrolandscapes (middle taiga subzone of the southern Arkhangelsk region as an example)], Vestn. Mosk. un-ta, Ser. 5, Geogr., 2016, no. 3, p. 58–66. (In Russian)

6. Belozertseva I.A., Ekimovskaya O.A., Enkhtaivan A. Ispol’zovanie sel’skokhozyaistvennykh zemel’ i ikh degradatsiya na territorii basseina reki Selengi [Use of agricultural lands’ and their degradation in the territory of the Selenga River basin], Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya, 2016, no. 2, p. 142–147. (In Russian)

7. Boikov T.G., Ubugunov L.L., Kharitonov Yu.D. et al. Produktivnost’, struktura i kachestvennyi sostav travostoya degradirovannykh poimennykh ostepnennykh lugov basseina r. Selenga v zavisimosti ot agromeliorativnogo vozdeistviya [Productivity, structure and qualitative composition of the herbage of degraded floodplain meadows of the Selenga River basin depending on the agro-reclamation effect], Agrokhimiya, 1995, no. 1, р. 30–42. (In Russian)

8. Budaev Kh.R. [Forest reclamation fund, state and prospects of protective afforestation in Buryatia], Lesnaya melioratsiya erodirovannykh pochv [Forest amelioration of eroded soils], Ulan-Ude, Buryat. In-t estestvennykh nauk Buryatskogo filiala SO AN SSSR, 1982, p. 10–17. (In Russian)

9. Budaev Kh.R. Lesa zelenoj zony i ozelenenie gorodov i sel Burjatii [Forests of the green zone and landscaping of cities and villages of Buryatia], Ulan-Ude, Burjat. kn. Publ., 1985, 152 p. (In Russian)

10. Budaev H.R., Budaeva S.E., Dambiev E.Ts. Zashhitnoe lesorazvedenie v Burjatskoj ASSR [Protective afforestation in the Buryat ASSR], Ulan-Ude, Burjat. kn. Publ., 1984, 183 p. (In Russian)

11. Ceshkovskaja E.A., Golubeva E.I., Coj N.K., Oralova A.T., Matonin V.V. Geojekologicheskie aspekty rekul’tivacii narushennyh zemel’ v Karagandinskoj oblasti (Respublika Kazahstan) [Geoecological aspects of disturbed lands reclamation in the Karaganda region (the Republic of Kazakhstan)], Vestn. Mosk. un-ta, Ser. 5, Geogr., 2019, no. 4, p. 73–80. (In Russian)

12. Dan’shin A.I. Eksportnyj potencial agropromyshlennogo kompleksa Sibiri i Dal’nego Vostoka Rossii [Export potential of the agro-industrial complex of Siberia and the Far East of Russia], Vestn. Mosk. un-ta, Ser. 5, Geogr., 2018, no. 4, p. 101–108. (In Russian)

13. Dokuchaev V.V. Sochinenija [Essay], vol. 6, Preobrazovanie prirody stepej [Transformation of the nature of the steppes], Raboty po issledovaniju pochv i ocenke zemel’, uchenie o zonal’nosti i klassifikacija pochv [Investigation of soils and land assessment, the concept of soil zonality and soil classification], 1888–1900, аkad. L.I. Prasolov (еd.), Corr. member of the USSR Academy of Sciences I.V. Tyurin], Akademija nauk SSSR Publ., 1951, 596 p. (In Russian)

14. Dokuchaev V.V. Russkij chernozem [Russian chernozem], Otchet Vol’nomu jekonomicheskomu obshhestvu [Report to the Free Economic Society], Introductory articles by Academician V.R. Williams and Dr. S.S. Sobolev, Second edition, Moskow, Agricultural State Publ., 1952, 636 p. (In Russian)

15. Golovin A.V., Anikin A.S., Devyatkin V.A. Sovershenstvovanie norm kormleniya korov na osnove fiziologicheskikh potrebnostei [Improving cow feeding standards based on physiological needs], Zootekhniya, 2015, no. 10, p. 2–4. (In Russian)

16. Golovin A.V., Nekrasov R.V., Anikin A.S. Osobennosti organizatsii polnotsennogo kormleniya vysokoproduktivnykh molochnykh korov [Improving cow feeding standards based on physiological needs], Veterinariya, zootekhniya i biotekhnologiya, 2018, no. 7, p. 93–100. (In Russian)

17. Ekimovskaya O.A. Organizatsiya proizvoditel’nykh sil sel’skokhozyaistvennykh predpriyatii Respubliki Buryatiya [Organization of productive forces of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Buryatia], 2003, Geografiya i prirodnye resursy, no. 1, p. 119–124. (In Russian)

18. Ekimovskaya O.A. Ekonomiko-geograficheskie osobennosti razvitiya mnogoukladnogo sel’skogo khozyaistva Respubliki Buryatiya [Economic and geographical features of the development of multicultural agriculture of the Republic of Buryatia], Geografiya i prirodnye resursy, 2009, no. 4, p. 117–124. (In Russian)

19. Ekimovskaya O.A., Beshentsev A.N. Economic geographical characteristics the development of economic entities owned by the population of the republic of Buryatia, 2012, Geography and natural resources, vol. 33, no. 2, p. 149–157.

20. Ivanov G.M., Budaev Kh.R., Kokorin Yu.N. [Agroforestry zoning of the Buryat ASSR], Lesnaya melioratsiya erodirovannykh pochv [Forest amelioration of eroded soils], Ulan-Ude, Buryatskii institut estestvennykh nauk BF SO AN SSSR, 1982, p. 91–94. (In Russian)

21. Namzhilova L.G., Tulokhonov A.K. Evolyutsiya agrarnogo prirodopol’zovaniya v Zabaikal’e [Evolution of agricultural nature management in Transbaikalia], Novosibirsk, Sibirskogo otdeleniya RAN Publ., 2000, 200 p. (In Russian)

22. Reshchikov M.A. Kratkii ocherk rastitel’nosti BuryatMongol’skoi ASSR [A brief sketch of the vegetation of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR], Ulan-Ude, BuryatMongol’skoe kn. Publ., 1958, 94 p. (In Russian)

23. Shishov L.L., Tonkonogov V.D., Lebedeva I.I., Gerasimova M.I. Klassifikatsiya i diagnostika pochv Rossii [Classification and diagnostics of soils in Russia], Smolensk, Oikumena Publ., 2004, 342 p. (In Russian)

24. Viktorov S.V., Vostokova E.A., Vyshivkin D.D. Kratkoe rukovodstvo po geobotanicheskim semkam [A quick guide to geobotanical surveys], Moskow, Mosk. un-ta Publ., 1959, 166 p. (In Russian)

25. Alakoz V.V. Ispol’zovanie sel’skokhozyaistvennykh zemel’ v Rossii. Tendentsii v ispol’zovanii pashni i kormovykh ugodii. Masshtab problem [The use of agricultural land in Russia. Trends in the use of arable land and forage lands, The scale of the problems], Analytical Bulletin of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, 2016, no. 24(623), p. 47–57, URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/contents.asp?id=34331704 (data access 13.09.2023). (In Russian)

26. Gosudarstvennaja programma jeffektivnogo vovlechenija v oborot zemel’ sel’skohozjajstvennogo naznachenija i razvitija meliorativnogo kompleksa Rossijskoj Federacii, 2023, URL: http://www. https://base.garant.ru/400773886 (data access 13.07.2023).

27. O Pravilah sanitarnoj bezopasnosti v lesah (рostanovlenie ot 20.05.2017 no. 607; s izmenenijami na 27 dekabrja 2018 g.), URL: http://http://docs.cntd.ru/document/473800372 (data access 03.07.2023).

28. O vnesenii izmenenii v Lesnoi kodeks Rossiiskoi Federatsii i otdel›nye zakonodatel›nye akty Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Federal›nyi zakon № 343-FZ ot 24 iyulya 2023 g.). URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/49571 (data access 10.09.2023).

29. O vnesenii izmeneniy v Federal’nyy zakon “O melioratsii zemel” (Federal’nyj Zakon no. 477-FZ, vnesenii izmenenij ot 27 dekabrja 2019 g.), URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/45017 (data access 02.09.2023).

30. Shagaida N.I. Vovlechenie neispol’zuemykh zemel’ v sel’khozoborot: plokhoe kachestvo institutov [Involvement of unused land in agricultural turnover: poor quality of institutions], Analiticheskii vestnik Soveta Federatsii Federal’nogo Sobraniya RF, 2016, no. 24(623), p. 66–76, URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/contents.asp?id=34331704 (data access 13.09.2023). (In Russian)