City asymmetry: the infl uence of landscape borders on the structure of the settlement and its surroundings
https://doi.org/10.55959/MSU0579-9414-5-2022-6-79-89
Abstract
Asymmetry is a fundamental property of cities as geographical objects. Asymmetric features of a city are associated with the contrast of its natural basis. Landscape contrast lines correspond to belts with increased resource diversity and are lines of concentration of cities. The nodes of contrast landscape boundaries are often the locations of cities. The nodal boundary position of a city leads to the sector-mosaic structure of surrounding area. The high landscape diversity at the location contributes to the aesthetics of a large city and is expressed in higher concentration of tourist sites in its surroundings. The pattern of main natural boundaries, or landscape matrix, in the space of a city and its surroundings form the basis for asymmetry properties of the city and its complementary region. Asymmetric features of the city are particularly characteristic for its landscapetypological plan, functional-planning scheme, engineering-geological structure, microclimatic zoning, as well as biological and soil conditions.
About the Authors
A. I. Zyryanov
Perm State National Research University, Faculty of Geography, Department of Tourism
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Head of the Department, D.Sc. in Geography
N. V. Firsova
Voronezh State Technical University, Department of Urban Planning
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Professor, D.Sc. in Geography, Ph.D. in Architecture
References
1. Bioraznoobraziye goroda Voronezha [Biodiversity of the city of Voronezh], O.P. Negrobov (ed.), Voronezh, Voronezh State University Publ., 2004, 98 p. (In Russian)
2. Bunin A.V. Istoriya gradostroitel’nogo iskusstva, t. I, Gradostroitel’stvo rabovladel’cheskogo stroya i feodalizma [History of urban planning art, vol. I, Urban planning during the slave system and feudalism], Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1979, 495 p. (In Russian)
3. Bunin A.V., Savarenskaya T.F. Istoriya gradostroitel’nogo iskusstva, t. II, Gradostroitel’stvo XX veka v stranakh kapitalisticheskogo mira [History of urban planning art, vol. II, Urban planning of the 20th century in the countries of the capitalist world], Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1979, 411 p. (In Russian)
4. Christaller W. Die zentralen Orte in Süddeutschland: Eine ökonomisch-geographische Untersuchung über die Gesetzmäßigkeit der Verbreitung der Siedlungen mit städtischen Funktionen, Ph.D. thesis, Erlangen, Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1933.
5. Firsova N.V. Tipologiya urbogeosistem TsChR po polozheniyu v sisteme fiziko-geograficheskih i biogeograficheskih rubezhej regiona [The typology of urban geosystems of the Central Chernozem region according to their position in the system of physico-geographical and biogeographic boundaries of the region], Problemy regional’noy ekologii, 2011, no. 6, p. 87–92. (In Russian)
6. Firsova N.V. Urbogeosistemy Tsentral’no-Chernozemnogo regiona: prirodno-landshaftnyye osobennosti, tipologiya, zemlepol’zovaniye [Urbogeosystems of the Central Chernozem Region: natural landscape features, typology, land use], Voronezh state architectural building Univ., Voronezh, 2012, 268 p. (In Russian)
7. Firsova N.V., Negrobov O.P., Pobedinsky G.D. Landshaftnoekologicheskaya organizatsiya prirodnogo kompleksa obshchegorodskogo tsentra [Landscape-ecological organization of the natural complex of the city-wide center], Bulletin of the Voronezh State University, Ser.: Chemistry. Biology. Pharmacy, 2007, no. 1, p. 100–107. (In Russian)
8. Fiziko-geograficheskoye rayonirovaniye SSSR, Kharakteristika regional’nykh edinits [Physico-geographical zoning of the USSR, Description of regional units], N.A Gvozdetsky (ed.), Moscow, 1968, 576 p. (In Russian)
9. Forman R.T. Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, 1995, 652 p.
10. Grishin G.T., Goncharov M.V., Shevtsov I.S. Voronezh: ekonomiko-geograficheskoye issledovaniye [Voronezh: econo mic and geographical research], Voronezh, Publishing House of Voronezh State University, 1986. (In Russian)
11. Kashin A.A. [Landscape boundaries as a factor of population distribution (case study of Udmurtia)], Rossiya i eyo regiony v polimashtabnykh integratsionno-dezintegratsionnykh protsessakh, materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii v ramkakh VIII Yezhegodnoy nauchnoy assamblei Assotsiatsii rossiyskikh geografov-obshchestvovedov [Russia and its regions in multi-scale integration and disintegration processes, materials of the International scientific conference in the framework of the VIII Annual Scientific Assembly of the Association of Russian Geographers-Social scientists], Perm, 2007, p. 225–230. (In Russian)
12. Khripyakova V.Ya. [Microclimate of a large city], Ekologicheskie problem krupnogo goroda, Ekologicheckij vestnik Chernozemiya [Environmental problems of a large city, Ecological Bulletin of Chernozem Region], Voronezh, 1999, iss. 7, p. 81–98. (In Russian)
13. Kolomyts E.G., Rosenberg G.S., Glebova O.V. Prirodnyy kompleks bol’shogo goroda: landshaftno-ekologicheskiy analiz [The natural complex of a big city: Landscape-ecological analysis], Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2000. (In Russian)
14. Kositsky Ya.V., Blagovidova N.G. Osnovy teorii planirovki i zastroyki gorodov [Fundamentals of the theory of urban planning and development], Moscow, Architecture Publ., 2007, 75 p. (In Russian)
15. Lesh A. Geograficheskoye razmeshcheniye khozyaystva [Geo graphic location of the economy], Moscow, Inostr. Lit. Publ., 1959, 455 p. (In Russian)
16. Milkov F.N. Fizicheskaya geografiya: sovremennoye sostoyaniye, zakonomernosti, problemy [Physical geography: current status, patterns, problems], Voronezh, 1981, 398 p. (In Russian)
17. Milkov F.N., Mikhno V.I., Fedotov V.I. Ekologo-geograficheskiye rayony Voronezhskoy oblasti [Ecological and geographical areas of the Voronezh region], F.N. Milkov (ed.), Voronezh, Publishing House of Voronezh State University, 1996, 216 p. (In Russian)
18. Nizovtsev V.A., Erman N.M. Landshaftnye usloviya razvitiya drevnerusskikh gorodov v srednevekovyj period na verkhnevolzhskom otrezke Volzhsko-Kaspijskogo puti (na primere g. Yaroslavl) [Landscape conditions for the development of old Russian cities in the medieval period in the Upper Volga stretch of the Volga-Caspian route (by the example of Yaroslavl)], Vestn. Akademii nauk Chechenskoy Respubliki, 2020, no. 3(50), p. 73–83. (In Russian)
19. Rodoman B.B. Polyarizovannaya biosfera, Sbornik statej [Polarized biosphere, Digest of articles], Smolensk, Oikumena Publ., 2002, 336 p. (In Russian)
20. Rodoman B.B. Vdokhnovlyayushchiye zarech’ya [Inspirational panoramas across the rivers], Geografiya, 2010, no. 13(909), p. 3–12; no. 14(910), p. 12–20. (In Russian)
21. Saushkin Yu.G. [Comparison of the grids of the main economic and tectonic regions of the USSR], Voprosy geografii [Problems of Geography], 1959, no. 47, p. 104–122. (In Russian)
22. Shatalov V.G. Kruglyak V.V., Vengerov P.D., Masalykin A.I. [Complex biological assessment of the current state of the green zone of the city of Voronezh], Lesnye ekosistemy zelenoj zony goroda Voronezh [Forest ecosystems of the green zone of the city of Voronezh], Voronezh, Voronezh Publ. House, State University, 1999, p. 15–19. (In Russian)
23. Solntsev V.N. Sistemnaya organizatsiya landshaftov: Problemy metodologii i teorii [Systemic organization of landscapes: Problems of methodology and theory], Moscow, Mysl’ Publ., 1981, 239 p. (In Russian)
24. The General plan of the urban district of Voronezh, Voronezh courier Publ., 2007, 162 p. [In Russian]
25. Treivish A.I. [Symmetry and asymmetry of geospace in regional geographic analysis], Voprosy ekonomicheskoy i politicheskoy geografii zarubezhnykh stran, vyp. 18, Territorial’naya struktura khozyaystva i obshchestva zarubezhnogo mira [Problems of economic and political geography of foreign countries, iss. 18, Territorial structure of economy and society of the foreign world], 2009, Moscow, Smolensk, Oikumena Publ., p. 7–23. (In Russian)
26. Tyunen I.G. Izolirovannoe gosudarstvo [An isolated state], Moscow, Ekonomicheskaya zhizn’ Publ., 1926, 326 p. (In Russian)
27. Zatuley K.S. [Influence of the reservoir on the meteorological conditions of the coast], Voronezhskoe vodokhranilische: kompleksnoe izuchenie, ispolzovanie i okhrana [Voronezh reservoir: comprehensive study, use and protection], Voronezh, 1986, p.139–144. (In Russian)
28. Ziryanov A.I. Pravilo razmer-pozitsiya [Rules size-position], Izvestiya RAN, Ser. Geogr., 2007, no. 6, p. 16–25. (In Russian)
29. Zyryanov A.I. Landshaftnyye rubezhi kontrastnosti i territorial’nyye sotsial’no-ekonomicheskiye sistemy [Landscape contrast lines and territorial socio-economic systems], Perm’, 1995, 144 p. (In Russian)
Review
For citations:
Zyryanov A.I., Firsova N.V. City asymmetry: the infl uence of landscape borders on the structure of the settlement and its surroundings. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2022;(6):79-89. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.55959/MSU0579-9414-5-2022-6-79-89
Views:
143
Email this article 
