Sex ratio by region and age in Russia
Abstract
The sex ratio is an important component of the age-sex population structure and an integral demographic characteristic. Formation of the sex ratio is one of the key demographic issues in turbulent Russian history of the last century. Nevertheless, the territorial differentiation of sex ratio and various determinants affecting it, especially at the local level, has received little attention from Russian scientists. The article examines spatial patterns of the sex ratio in Russian municipalities during 2016–2020. The sex ratio was considered for the entire population, as well as for particular age groups, namely 0, 14–15, 18–19, 35–59, and 60+ years. The article is a first detailed study of the spatial differentiation of sex ratio by age at this level of administrative division in Russia. Methods of demographic and cartographic analysis were used in the study, and the situation in Central Russia was considered in detail.
The results of the study showed that the sex ratio at different ages depends on the rank of a territory in the central-peripheral hierarchy, while the distribution of the institutional population is the main extraterritorial factor. The sex ratio registered at birth changes under the influence of migration and natural population chan ges. The principal determinant at young ages is different mobility between sexes (higher intra- and inter-regional migration of women), resulting in a disproportion of the ratio in favor of women in central municipalities, and in favor of men in the periphery. In later life higher male mortality in peripheral territories gradually neutralize the differences in sex ratio between municipalities formed by migration. In addition to above-mentioned factors, other determinants, such as ethnic composition of the local population and cohort effects, may also affect the sex ratio.
About the Author
A. A. Gerasimov
National Research University Higher School of Economics
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Social Sciences, Master student of Demography Program
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Review
For citations:
Gerasimov A.A. Sex ratio by region and age in Russia. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5, Geografiya. 2022;(4):113-126. (In Russ.)
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