GIS-technologies for social investigations

GIS technologies increase the potential of socio-economic studies, i. e. they support collection, storage, processing and display of spatial data and documents related to a specific territory, as well as provide tools for system analysis of the situation, comparison and typology of territories and visualization of results. The range of sources for socio-economic research is steadily expanding; in addition to official statistics, “big data”, text documents, photographs, audio and video recordings, aerial photography, space photography, remote sensing of the Earth and other are available. GIS technologies make it possible to integrate various types of data characterizing a certain territory and visualize them in the form of layers on electronic maps. The possibilities offered by GIS make them modern tools for the complex analysis of regions and territories. Using these tools, the scientific community, business and government departments develop GIS applications for the comprehensive study of specific geographic objects, as well as analytical models and educational programs.
Significant GIS applications could be only implemented if there is full-fledged spatial data platform. Elaboration of the national spatial platform, starting with the development of standards for the interoperability of resources available at different government departments and other participating institutions, is the responsibility of government agencies.
The article reviews several GIS applications for social research functioning in foreign and Russian universities and research centers and briefly presents a Russian project to develop an open use platform for the study of socio-economic processes in the subjects of the Russian Federation using GIS tools. Foreign experience and inventions of the Russian scientific community may prove to be important for the promotion of geoinformation research methods in this country.

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