Geoinformational analysis of economic development of the Don River basin

The article deals with the analysis of economic development of the Don River catchment area using statistical materials, remote sensing data and geoinformation technologies. The data sources include official national statistics, information products of the Global Land Cover types with a resolution of 30 m and a CCI Land Cover product of the European Space Agency with a resolution of 250 m. The authors elaborated a sectoral geoinformation system, which contains information about the main types of underlying surface, cultivated areas, gross harvests and crop yields in the basin for 43 design water-resource areas, 8 enlarged water-resource regions, 276 municipal districts, 15 entities of the Russian Federation and 3 regions of Ukraine. It has been established that the growth of cultivated areas and gross harvests of agricultural crops leads to increasing consumption of soil moisture for transpiration. The northwestern part of the basin is characterized by decreasing surface runoff and increasing underground runoff and a significant predominance of spring crops over winter ones (approximately 60% versus 40%) is observed there. Winter plowing before sowing spring crops reduces the surface runoff and enhances the filtration. The development of agriculture in the basin is oriented towards the expansion of cultivated areas, higher application of mineral and organic fertilizers and the growth in gross yields of basic crops (primarily grain, sugar beets and potatoes). According to the official data, cultivated areas in the Russian part of the basin amount to about 17 million hectares, while according to the remote sensing data they cover 30-34 million hectares. The area of forests in the basin is about 2.8 million hectares, and the area of urbanized territories is 1.4 million hectares, or 3.2%. Up-to-date data on the land cover should be used for modeling and analysis of water balance within the catchment areas of the Don River and its tributaries.

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